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Monetary Policy Implementation with Ample Reserves

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Abstract

We offer a parsimonious model of the reserve demand to study the tradeoffs associated with various monetary policy implementation frameworks. Prior to the 2007–09 financial crisis, many central banks supplied scarce reserves to execute their interest-rate policies. In response to the crisis, central banks undertook quantitative-easing policies that greatly expanded their balance sheets and, by extension, the amount of reserves they supplied. When the crisis and its aftereffects passed, central banks were in a position to choose a framework that has reserves that are (1) abundant—by keeping their balance sheets and reserves at the expanded level; (2) scarce—by vastly decreasing their balance sheets and reserves; or (3) somewhere in between abundant and scarce—by moderately decreasing their balance sheets and reserves. We find that the best policy implementation outcomes are realized when reserves are somewhere between scarce and abundant. This outcome is consistent with the Federal Open Market Committee’s 2019 announcement to implement monetary policy in a regime with an ample supply of reserves.

Suggested Citation

  • Gara Afonso & Kyungmin Kim & Antoine Martin & Ed Nosal & Simon M. Potter & Sam Schulhofer-Wohl, 2023. "Monetary Policy Implementation with Ample Reserves," FRB Atlanta Working Paper 2023-10, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta.
  • Handle: RePEc:fip:fedawp:96680
    DOI: 10.29338/wp2023-10
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Gara Afonso & Ricardo Lagos, 2015. "Trade Dynamics in the Market for Federal Funds," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 83, pages 263-313, January.
    2. Gara Afonso & Roc Armenter & Benjamin Lester, 2019. "A Model of the Federal Funds Market: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 33, pages 177-204, July.
    3. Ryan Bush & Adam Kirk & Antoine Martin & Phillip Weed & Patricia Zobel, 2019. "Stressed Outflows and the Supply of Central Bank Reserves," Liberty Street Economics 20190220, Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
    4. Roc Armenter & Benjamin Lester, 2017. "Excess Reserves and Monetary Policy Implementation," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 23, pages 212-235, January.
    5. Huberto M. Ennis & Todd Keister, 2008. "Understanding monetary policy implementation," Economic Quarterly, Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, vol. 94(Sum), pages 235-263.
    6. William Poole, 1968. "Commercial Bank Reserve Management In A Stochastic Model: Implications For Monetary Policy," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 23(5), pages 769-791, December.
    7. James A. Clouse & Sam Schulhofer-Wohl, 2018. "A Sequential Bargaining Model of the Fed Funds Market with Excess Reserves," Working Paper Series WP-2018-8, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago.
    8. Mark Carlson & Burcu Duygan-Bump & Fabio Natalucci & Bill Nelson & Marcelo Ochoa & Jeremy Stein & Skander Van den Heuvel, 2016. "The Demand for Short-Term, Safe Assets and Financial Stability: Some Evidence and Implications for Central Bank Policies," International Journal of Central Banking, International Journal of Central Banking, vol. 12(4), pages 307-333, December.
    9. Gara Afonso & Lorie Logan & Antoine Martin & Will Riordan & Patricia Zobel, 2022. "How the Fed Adjusts the Fed Funds Rate within Its Target Range," Liberty Street Economics 20220112, Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
    10. Gara Afonso & Adam Biesenbach & Thomas M. Eisenbach, 2017. "Mission Almost Impossible: Developing a Simple Measure of Pass-Through Efficiency," Liberty Street Economics 20171106, Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    federal funds market; monetary policy implementation; ample reserves;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E42 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Monetary Sytsems; Standards; Regimes; Government and the Monetary System
    • E58 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Central Banks and Their Policies

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