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Enterprise diversification in US dairy: impact of risk preferences on scale and scope economies

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  • Almuhanad Melhim
  • C. Richard Shumway

Abstract

Enterprise diversification has recently become a prominent feature of US dairy farms. Scope economies and risk aversion are two forces that simultaneously determine diversification. We jointly estimate scope economies and determine risk preferences under price uncertainty. We reject risk neutrality in favour of Increasing Absolute Risk Aversion (IARA) and Increasing Relative Risk Aversion (IRRA). Scope economies are significant, but diminish with farm size. Increasing returns to scale exist in the production of multiple enterprises and diminish with size. Large farms operate under decreasing returns to scale. Ignoring risk preferences, a common practice in empirical work, results in an underestimate of the effect of scope economies for large farms.

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  • Almuhanad Melhim & C. Richard Shumway, 2011. "Enterprise diversification in US dairy: impact of risk preferences on scale and scope economies," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 43(26), pages 3849-3862.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:applec:v:43:y:2011:i:26:p:3849-3862
    DOI: 10.1080/00036841003724478
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    1. Baumol, William J, 1982. "Contestable Markets: An Uprising in the Theory of Industry Structure," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 72(1), pages 1-15, March.
    2. Mafoua, Edouard, 2002. "Economies Of Scope And Scale Of Multi-Product U.S. Cash Grain Farms: A Flexible Fixed-Cost Quadratic (Ffcq) Model Analysis," 2002 Annual meeting, July 28-31, Long Beach, CA 19734, American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association).
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    Cited by:

    1. Tristan D. Skolrud & C. Richard Shumway, 2013. "A Fourier analysis of the US dairy industry," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 45(14), pages 1887-1895, May.
    2. Liyun Zhu & Alfons Oude Lansink, 2022. "Dynamic sustainable productivity growth of Dutch dairy farming," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 17(2), pages 1-19, February.
    3. Zavelberg, Yvonne & Heckelei, Thomas & Wieck, Christine, 2016. "Entry deterring effects of contractual relations in the dairy processing sector," Bio-based and Applied Economics Journal, Italian Association of Agricultural and Applied Economics (AIEAA), vol. 5(1), pages 1-16, April.
    4. Ohe, Yasuo & Kurihara, Shinichi, 2013. "Evaluating the complementary relationship between local brand farm products and rural tourism: Evidence from Japan," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 35(C), pages 278-283.
    5. Alem, Habtamu1 & Lien, Gudbrand1 & Kumbhakar, Subal C1 & Hardaker, J. Brian, 2017. "Economies Of Scale And Scope In The Norwegian Agriculture," 2017 International Congress, August 28-September 1, 2017, Parma, Italy 260907, European Association of Agricultural Economists.
    6. Nelson Roberto Furquim, 2017. "The Impact of Innovative Products in the Metallic Zinc Market Growth in Brazil," Brazilian Business Review, Fucape Business School, vol. 14(4), pages 403-416, July.
    7. Wimmer, Stefan G & Sauer, Johannes, 2016. "Diversification Versus Specialization: Empirical Evidence On The Optimal Structure Of European Dairy Farms," 56th Annual Conference, Bonn, Germany, September 28-30, 2016 244882, German Association of Agricultural Economists (GEWISOLA).
    8. Wimmer, Stefan G. & Sauer, Johannes, 2017. "The Economic Benefits of Farm Diversification: An Empirical Analysis of Economies of Scope Using the Dual Approach," 2017 Annual Meeting, July 30-August 1, Chicago, Illinois 258465, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.

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