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Conventionalists, Pioneers and Criminals Choosing Between a National Currency and a Global Currency

Author

Listed:
  • Guizhou Wang

    (Faculty of Science and Technology University of Stavanger)

  • Kjell Hausken

    (Faculty of Science and Technology University of Stavanger)

Abstract

The article analyzes how conventionalists, pioneers and criminals choose between a national currency (e.g. a central bank digital currency) and a global currency (e.g. a cryptocurrency such as Bitcoin) that both have specific characteristics in an economy. Conventionalists favor what is traditional and historically common. They tend to prefer the national currency. Pioneers (early adopters) tend to break away from tradition, and criminals prefer not to get caught. They both tend to prefer the global currency. Each player has a Cobb-Douglas utility with one output elasticity for each of the two currencies, comprised of backing, convenience, confidentiality, transaction efficiency, financial stability, and security. The replicator equation is used to illustrate the evolution of the fractions of the three kinds of players through time, and how they choose among the two currencies. Each player’s expected utility is inverse U-shaped in the volume fraction of transactions in each currency, skewed towards the national currency for conventionalists, and towards the global currency for pioneers and criminals. Conventionalists on the one hand typically compete against pioneers and criminals on the other hand. Fifteen parameter values are altered to illustrate sensitivity. For parameter values where conventionalists go extinct, pioneers and criminals compete directly with each other. Players choose volume fractions of each currency and which kind of player to be. Conventionalists go extinct when criminals gain more from criminal behavior, and when the parameter values in the conventionalists’ expected utility are unfavorable, causing competition between pioneers and criminals.

Suggested Citation

  • Guizhou Wang & Kjell Hausken, 2021. "Conventionalists, Pioneers and Criminals Choosing Between a National Currency and a Global Currency," Journal of Banking and Financial Economics, University of Warsaw, Faculty of Management, vol. 2(16), pages 104-133, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:sgm:jbfeuw:v:2:y:2022:i:16:p:104-133
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Patroklos Patsoulis & Marios Psychalis & Georgios A. Deirmentzoglou, 2022. "Stability and Growth Pact: Too Young to Die, Too Old to Rock ‘n’ Roll," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-12, December.
    2. Wang, Guizhou & Hausken, Kjell, 2024. "Hard money and fiat money in an inflationary world," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 67(PB).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Bitcoin; digital currencies; currency competition; money; evolution; replicator dynamics; cryptocurrencies; central bank digital currencies;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C60 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling - - - General
    • E50 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - General

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