Adapting Family Planning Service Delivery in Title X and School-Based Settings during COVID-19: Provider and Staff Experiences

The COVID-19 pandemic introduced urgent and unique challenges to family planning providers and staff in ensuring continued access to high-quality services, particularly for groups who experience greater barriers to accessing services, such as women with systemically marginalized identities and adolescents and young adults (AYA). While research has documented key adaptations made to service delivery during the early phase of the pandemic, limited studies have used qualitative methods. This paper draws on qualitative interview data from family planning providers and staff in Title-X-funded clinics and school-based clinics—two settings that serve populations that experience greater barriers to accessing care—to (a) describe the adaptations made to service delivery during the first year of the pandemic and (b) explore provider and staff experiences and impressions implementing these adaptations. In-depth interviews were conducted with 75 providers and staff between February 2020 and February 2021. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed via inductive content analysis followed by thematic analysis. Four key themes were identified: (1) Title-X- and school-based staff made multiple, concurrent adaptations to continue family planning services; (2) providers embraced flexibility for patient-centered care; (3) school-based staff faced unique challenges to reaching and serving youth; and (4) COVID-19 created key opportunities for innovation. The findings suggest several lasting changes to family planning service delivery and provider mindsets at clinics serving populations hardest hit by the pandemic. Future studies should evaluate promising practices in family planning service delivery—including telehealth and streamlined administrative procedures—and explore how these are experienced by diverse patient populations, particularly AYA and those in areas where privacy or internet access are limited.