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The evolution of corporate governance in Brazil

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  • Black, Bernard S.
  • de Carvalho, Antonio Gledson
  • Sampaio, Joelson Oliveira

Abstract

We use extensive hand collected surveys reporting governance practices of Brazilian firms in 2004, 2006, and 2009 to build a broad corporate governance index and analyze the evolution of corporate governance in Brazil and the association between governance and firm value. We find that corporate governance practices improved significantly over this period. This evolution is due to two main factors: 1) growth in Novo Mercado and Level II (NM&L2) listings, mainly through IPOs by new firms, and 2) improved practices at non-NM&L2 firms, principally through adopting governance elements required for NM&L2 listing. Governance practices for firms already listed on NM&L2 were stable. Adoption of the elements of our governance index that are required for NM&L2 listing predicts higher firm value. In contrast, adoption of the remaining elements of our index does not predict firm value. Thus, governance changes appear to respond to investor preferences.

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  • Black, Bernard S. & de Carvalho, Antonio Gledson & Sampaio, Joelson Oliveira, 2014. "The evolution of corporate governance in Brazil," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 20(C), pages 176-195.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:ememar:v:20:y:2014:i:c:p:176-195
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ememar.2014.04.004
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    2. Marques, Thiago Avila & de Sousa Ribeiro, Karem Cristina & Barboza, Flavio, 2018. "Corporate governance and debt securities issued in Brazil and India: A multi-case study," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 257-270.
    3. Sergio Foldes Guimarães & André Luiz Carvalhal Silva, 2023. "Top management team turnover in Brazil: the role of corporate governance in family-controlled companies," International Journal of Disclosure and Governance, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 20(3), pages 261-273, September.
    4. María Belén Lozano & Félix J. López‐Iturriaga & Victor Hugo Braz‐Bezerra, 2021. "Regulatory Dualism as an Alternative Trust‐Enhancing Mechanism for Dividends and Debt: Evidence from Brazil," International Review of Finance, International Review of Finance Ltd., vol. 21(1), pages 121-144, March.
    5. Marwan Mansour & Hamzeh Al Amosh & Ahmad Yuosef Alodat & Saleh F. A. Khatib & Mohammed W. A. Saleh, 2022. "The Relationship between Corporate Governance Quality and Firm Performance: The Moderating Role of Capital Structure," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-25, August.
    6. Esqueda, Omar A. & O’Connor, Thomas, 2020. "Corporate governance and life cycles in emerging markets," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 51(C).
    7. Ichiro Iwasaki, 2015. "Global Financial Crisis, Ownership Change, and Corporate Governance Evolution Firm-Level Evidence from Russia," KIER Working Papers 925, Kyoto University, Institute of Economic Research.
    8. Anastasia N. Stepanova & Olga O. Kopyrina, 2019. "The Influence Of Ownership Structure And Board Independence On The Cost Of Debt In Bric Countries," HSE Working papers WP BRP 74/FE/2019, National Research University Higher School of Economics.
    9. Black, Bernard & de Carvalho, Antonio Gledson & Khanna, Vikramaditya & Kim, Woochan & Yurtoglu, Burcin, 2014. "Methods for multicountry studies of corporate governance: Evidence from the BRIKT countries," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 183(2), pages 230-240.
    10. Bykova, Anna & Molodchik, Mariia & Shamilova, Ekaterina, 2017. "Ownership concentration, corporate governance development and firm performance in Russian listed companies," Applied Econometrics, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), vol. 45, pages 50-74.
    11. Madhur Bhatia & Rachita Gulati, 2020. "Assessing the Quality of Bank Boards: Evidence from the Indian Banking Industry," Margin: The Journal of Applied Economic Research, National Council of Applied Economic Research, vol. 14(4), pages 409-431, November.
    12. Henrique Castro Martins, 2020. "The Brazilian bankruptcy law reform, corporate ownership concentration, and risk‐taking," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 41(4), pages 562-573, June.
    13. Gama, Marina Amado Bahia & Bandeira-de-Mello, Rodrigo, 2021. "The effect of affiliation structure on the performance of pyramidal business groups," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 124(C), pages 24-37.
    14. Luciano Rossoni & Cezar Eduardo Aranha & Wesley Mendes-Da-Silva, 2018. "Does the capital of social capital matter? Relational resources of the board and the performance of Brazilian companies," Journal of Management & Governance, Springer;Accademia Italiana di Economia Aziendale (AIDEA), vol. 22(1), pages 153-185, March.
    15. Lélis Pedro Andrade & Aureliano Angel Bressan & Robert Aldo Iquiapaza, 2017. "Dual class shares, board of directors’ effectiveness and firm’s market value: an empirical study," Journal of Management & Governance, Springer;Accademia Italiana di Economia Aziendale (AIDEA), vol. 21(4), pages 1053-1092, December.
    16. Kopyrina, Olga & Stepanova, Anastasia, 2023. "The influence of ownership structure and board independence on the cost of debt in BRIC countries," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 47(2).
    17. de Carvalho, Antonio Gledson & Dal'Bó, Filipe & Sampaio, Joelson, 2021. "Determinants of corporate governance practices in Brazil," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 48(C).
    18. Shamsul Nahar Abdullah & Azbariyah Aziz & Aizulfithri Azani, 2022. "The Effect of Board Independence, Gender Diversity and Board Size on Firm Performance in Malaysia," Journal of Social Economics Research, Conscientia Beam, vol. 9(4), pages 179-192.
    19. Iwasaki, Ichiro & 岩﨑, 一郎, 2016. "The Evolution of Corporate Governance in the Global Financial Crisis : The Case of Russian Industrial Firms," CEI Working Paper Series 2016-7, Center for Economic Institutions, Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University.
    20. Saona, Paolo & San Martín, Pablo, 2016. "Country level governance variables and ownership concentration as determinants of firm value in Latin America," International Review of Law and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 84-95.
    21. Marwa Elnahass & Kamil Omoteso & Aly Salama & Vu Quang Trinh, 2020. "Differential market valuations of board busyness across alternative banking models," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 55(1), pages 201-238, July.
    22. Manal Ahdadou & Abdellah Aajly & Mohamed Tahrouch, 2021. "Corporate Governance In Morocco: Evolution And Challenges [La Gouvernance Des Entreprises Au Maroc : Evolution Et Defis]," Post-Print hal-03562815, HAL.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Brazil; Corporate governance; Boards of directors; Minority shareholders;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G18 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Government Policy and Regulation
    • G30 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - General
    • G34 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Mergers; Acquisitions; Restructuring; Corporate Governance
    • G39 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Other
    • K22 - Law and Economics - - Regulation and Business Law - - - Business and Securities Law
    • K29 - Law and Economics - - Regulation and Business Law - - - Other

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