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Agri‐ food Exports from Central‐ and Eastern‐European Member States of the European Union are Catching Up

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  • Štefan Bojnec
  • Lukáš Čechura
  • Jan Fałkowski
  • Imre Fertő

Abstract

Countries from Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) that joined the European Union (EU) since May 2004 have recorded rapid increases in their agri‐food exports. While this increase in participation in international trade has been global, the CEE‐11 countries have mainly targeted the EU market. Poland, Hungary, Czechia and Romania are among those countries that have increased their agri‐food exports the most. We find that many CEE‐11 countries, especially Czechia and the Slovak Republic, Estonia, Hungary and Poland, have achieved their export expansion along the intensive margin, i.e. the expansion of average exports per existing product with existing trade partners. The extensive margin, i.e. an increase in the number of exported products with existing and new trade partners, along with a degree of product diversification in established markets was important for Lithuania, Romania and Estonia. We also note that in order to further benefit from an increased participation in trade, CEE countries need to switch from predominantly exporting traditional products towards penetrating more innovative product segments, along with new varieties of established products; and thus base their export expansion to a larger extent on the extensive margin. Les pays d'Europe centrale et orientale (PECO) qui ont rejoint l'Union européenne (UE) depuis mai 2004 ont enregistré une augmentation rapide de leurs exportations agroalimentaires. Bien que cette participation accrue au commerce international ait été mondiale, les 11 PECO ont principalement ciblé le marché de l'UE. La Pologne, la Hongrie, la République tchèque et la Roumanie sont parmi les pays qui ont le plus augmenté leurs exportations agroalimentaires. Nous constatons que dans nombre des 11 PECO, en particulier les Républiques tchèque et slovaque, l'Estonie, la Hongrie et la Pologne, les exportations ont augmenté le long de la marge intensive, c'est‐à‐dire par une hausse des exportations moyennes pour chaque produit déjà échangé avec des partenaires commerciaux existants. La marge extensive, c'est‐à‐dire une augmentation du nombre de produits exportés avec des partenaires commerciaux existants et nouveaux, ainsi qu'une certaine diversification des produits sur les marchés établis, ont été importantes pour la Lituanie, la Roumanie et l'Estonie. Nous notons également que pour bénéficier davantage d'une participation accrue au commerce, les PECO doivent passer d’exportateurs prédominants de produits traditionnels à nouveaux participants à des segments de produits plus innovants, ainsi que de nouvelles variétés de produits établis. Ainsi, ils fonderaient davantage l’expansion de leurs exportations sur la marge extensive. Die Länder Mittel‐ und Osteuropas (MOEL), die der Europäischen Union (EU) seit Mai 2004 beigetreten sind, haben einen rasanten Anstieg ihrer Agrar‐ und Lebensmittelexporte verzeichnet. Während die Teilnahme am internationalen Handel weltweit zugenommen hat, haben sich die MOEL‐11 hauptsächlich auf den EU‐Markt konzentriert. Polen, Ungarn, die Tschechische Republik und Rumänien gehören zu den Ländern, die ihre Agrar‐ und Lebensmittelexporte am stärksten steigern konnten. Wir stellen fest, dass viele MOEL‐11, insbesondere die Tschechische und die Slowakische Republik, Estland, Ungarn und Polen, ihr Exportwachstum durch die Ausweitung der durchschnittlichen Exporte pro bestehendem Produkt mit bestehenden Handelspartnern erreicht haben („intensive Marge“). Für Litauen, Rumänien und Estland war hingegen die „extensive Marge“ von Bedeutung: Hierbei wurde die Anzahl der exportierten Produkte mit bestehenden und neuen Handelspartnern in Verbindung mit einem gewissen Grad an Produktdiversifizierung in bereits etablierten Märkten ausgeweitet. Wir stellen außerdem fest, dass die MOEL von der Ausfuhr vorrangig traditioneller Produkte auf die Erschließung innovativerer Produktsegmente umschwenken müssen. Nur so können sie weiterhin von einer verstärkten Teilnahme am Handel profitieren. Die MOEL sollten darüber hinaus die Produktvielfalt der bestehenden Produkte erhöhen, um eine Ausweitung ihrer Exporte in größerem Umfang auf die extensive Marge zu stützen.

Suggested Citation

  • Štefan Bojnec & Lukáš Čechura & Jan Fałkowski & Imre Fertő, 2021. "Agri‐ food Exports from Central‐ and Eastern‐European Member States of the European Union are Catching Up," EuroChoices, The Agricultural Economics Society, vol. 20(1), pages 11-19, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:eurcho:v:20:y:2021:i:1:p:11-19
    DOI: 10.1111/1746-692X.12307
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    References listed on IDEAS

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