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What does an inversion of the yield curve tell us?
[Que signifie l’inversion d’une courbe des taux ?]

Author

Listed:
  • Matthieu Bussière
  • Stéphane Lhuissier

Abstract

In June 2023, the yield on 10 year government bonds fell below the yield on 2 year bonds in the euro area. Inversions of the yield curve such as this have sometimes been perceived as a signal of recession, and certain assessments covering past events appear to confirm this. However, other factors may explain the inversion, particularly the asset purchase programme of the European Central Bank (ECB), whose accumulated stocks are driving down long term rates. Therefore, the negative slope of the euro area yield curve tends to overstate the risk of recession. Besides, the ECB’s staff economic projections for December 2023 estimated euro area GDP growth at 0.8% in 2024. En juin 2023 en zone euro, le coût des emprunts d’État à dix ans est devenu inférieur à celui des financements à deux ans. Pareille inversion de la courbe des taux a parfois été perçue comme signe annonciateur d’une récession, ce que semblent confirmer certaines estimations sur le passé. Cependant, d’autres facteurs peuvent expliquer l’inversion, notamment les achats d’actifs par la Banque centrale européenne (BCE), dont le stock accumulé agit significativement à la baisse sur les taux de long terme. Ainsi, la pente négative de la courbe des taux observée en zone euro tend à surestimer le risque de récession. Les projections de la BCE de décembre 2023 estiment d’ailleurs à 0,8 % la croissance du PIB de la zone euro en 2024.

Suggested Citation

  • Matthieu Bussière & Stéphane Lhuissier, 2024. "What does an inversion of the yield curve tell us? [Que signifie l’inversion d’une courbe des taux ?]," Bulletin de la Banque de France, Banque de France, issue 250.
  • Handle: RePEc:bfr:bullbf:2024:250:03
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    File URL: https://www.banque-france.fr/system/files/2024-01/BDF250-3_Courbe-taux_web.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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