Rankings at IDEAS: Asia

This file is part of IDEAS, which uses RePEc data

Top 10% Asia, as of October 2008

These rankings take only into account institutions registered in EDIRC and authors registered with the RePEc Author Service and the institutions they claimed to be affiliated with. For Asia, these are 434 institutions and 1224 authors.
For the worldwide rankings, see here: top 5% authors or top 5% economics institutions.

More rankings.

The data presented here is experimental. It is based on a limited sample of the research output in Economics and Finance. Only material catalogued in RePEc is considered. For any citation based criterion, only works that could be parsed by the CitEc project are considered. For any ranking of people, only those registered with the RePEc Author Service can be taken into account. And for rankings of institutions, only those listed in EDIRC and claimed as affiliation by the respective, registered authors can be measured. Thus, this list is by no means based on a complete sample. You can help making this more comprehensive by encouraging more publications to be listed (instructions) and more authors to register (form). For more details on the various rankings that are available as well for documentation, follow this link.

The rankings below are aggregate rankings from 31 different ranking methods, excluding worst and best method. See links above for details.

Top 10% institutions in Asia

Please note that rankings can depend on the number of registered authors in the respective institutions. Subentities of ranked institutions do not increment the rank count and have their rank listed in (round parentheses). Rankings correspond to a calculation taking into account only the institutions from this region. Ranks in [square parentheses] correspond to an extract from the world rankings (see details). Register at the RePEc Author Service.

Rank	Score	W.Rank	Institution
1	1	[1]	Department of Economics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
2	1.99	[2]	Eitan Berglas School of Economics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
3	3.24	[3]	Faculty of Economics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
(4)	5.68	[3]	Foerder Institute for Economic Research, Eitan Berglas School of Economics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
4	6.49	[4]	Center for the Study of Rationality, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
5	6.64	[5]	Department of Economics, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
6	6.72	[6]	School of Economics and Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
7	7.49	[7]	Department of Economics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
8	7.59	[8]	Department of Economics, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
9	11.92	[10]	Singapore Management University, Singapore, Singapore
10	12.43	[9]	Hong Kong Institute for Monetary Research (HKIMR), Government of Hong Kong,
11	13.98	[11]	Department of Economics, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
(12)	14.02	[10]	School of Economics, Singapore Management University, Singapore, Singapore
12	14.05	[12]	Asian Development Bank, Manila, Philippines
13	14.82	[13]	Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI), Tokyo, Japan
14	17.48	[15]	National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies (GRIPS), Tokyo, Japan
15	18.28	[14]	Tokyo Center for Economic Research (TCER), Tokyo, Japan
16	18.45	[16]	Business School, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Kowloon, Hong Kong
17	19.69	[17]	Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
18	20.91	[30]	Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad, Pakistan
19	21.05	[18]	Business School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
(20)	21.41	[17]	Department of Economics, Business School, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Kowloon, Hong Kong
20	23.58	[21]	Delhi School of Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
21	23.79	[20]	Economics Department, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
22	24.82	[19]	Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
(23)	25.53	[21]	Department of Economics, Delhi School of Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
23	25.62	[22]	Institute of Economics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
24	25.95	[24]	Guanghua School of Management, Peking University, Beijing, China
24	25.95	[23]	Indian Statistical Institute, New Delhi, India
26	25.97	[25]	Bank of Japan, Tokyo, Japan
27	29.7	[28]	Faculty of Business Administration, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
28	29.93	[26]	Institute of Economic Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
(29)	31.2	[26]	Planning Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, New Delhi, India
29	32.48	[27]	Faculty of Business and Economics, Hong Kong University,
30	33.25	[29]	Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University, Tokyo, Japan
(31)	33.34	[31]	Department of Economics, College of Business and Economics, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
30	33.34	[32]	College of Business and Economics, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
(32)	33.35	[33]	Department of Finance, Faculty of Business Administration, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
32	34.1	[33]	Central Bureau of Statistics, Government of Israel, Jerusalem, Israel
33	34.52	[31]	Department of Economics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
34	36.97	[36]	Foundation for Advanced Studies on International Development (FASID),
35	37.48	[34]	Institute of Policy and Planning Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
36	39.03	[35]	Division of Economics, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
37	41.9	[37]	Faculty of Economics, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
38	42.48	[39]	Department of Agricultural Economics and Management, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
39	43.96	[38]	Graduate School of Economics, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
(40)	46.68	[39]	School of Economics & Finance, Faculty of Business and Economics, Hong Kong University,
40	47.17	[40]	College of Economics, Sogang University, Seoul, South Korea
41	48.87	[41]	Department of Public Policy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
(42)	49.08	[40]	Institute for Monetary and Economic Studies, Bank of Japan, Tokyo, Japan
42	51.13	[42]	Department of Economics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
43	53.89	[44]	Technology Management, Economics and Policy Program (TEPP), Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea

Top 10% authors in Asia

This ranking is based on registered authors only, and only those who claimed some affiliation in this region, and this affiliation is listed in EDIRC. Rankings correspond to a calculation taking into account only the institutions from this region. Ranks in [square parentheses] correspond to an extract from the world rankings (see details). Authors can register at the RePEc Author Service.

Rank	Score	W.Rank	Author	Affiliated with (in this region)
1.	1.47	[1]	Joshua D Angrist	Department of Economics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
2.	3.21	[2]	Shang-Jin Wei	School of Economics and Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China Hong Kong Institute for Monetary Research (HKIMR), Government of Hong Kong,
3.	3.65	[3]	Oded Galor	Department of Economics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
4.	4.42	[4]	Alex Cukierman	Foerder Institute for Economic Research, Eitan Berglas School of Economics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel Eitan Berglas School of Economics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
5.	5.88	[5]	Jong-Wha Lee	Asian Development Bank, Manila, Philippines Department of Economics, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
6.	6.99	[6]	Takatoshi Ito	Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI), Tokyo, Japan Tokyo Center for Economic Research (TCER), Tokyo, Japan Faculty of Economics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
7.	7.41	[7]	Ariel Rubinstein	Eitan Berglas School of Economics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
8.	7.57	[8]	Fumio Hayashi	Faculty of Economics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
9.	9.43	[9]	Yoram Weiss	Foerder Institute for Economic Research, Eitan Berglas School of Economics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel Eitan Berglas School of Economics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
10.	12.2	[10]	Eytan Sheshinski	Department of Economics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
11.	13.39	[14]	Manuel Trajtenberg	Eitan Berglas School of Economics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
12.	13.41	[13]	Zvi Hercowitz	Foerder Institute for Economic Research, Eitan Berglas School of Economics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel Eitan Berglas School of Economics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
13.	13.98	[12]	Efraim Sadka	Eitan Berglas School of Economics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
14.	15.74	[15]	Robert J. Aumann	Center for the Study of Rationality, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
15.	16.55	[16]	Itzhak Gilboa	Eitan Berglas School of Economics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
16.	18.06	[17]	Hidehiko Ichimura	Faculty of Economics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
17.	18.52	[18]	Victor Chaim Lavy	Department of Economics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
18.	18.84	[19]	Zvi Eckstein	Eitan Berglas School of Economics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
19.	19.83	[20]	Shlomo Yitzhaki	Department of Economics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel Central Bureau of Statistics, Government of Israel, Jerusalem, Israel
20.	20.56	[21]	Sergiu Hart	Department of Economics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel Center for the Study of Rationality, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
21.	21.19	[22]	Larry H. P. Lang	Department of Finance, Faculty of Business Administration, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Faculty of Business Administration, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
22.	23.27	[25]	Joseph Zeira	Department of Economics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
23.	23.79	[24]	Omer Moav	Department of Economics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
24.	23.82	[27]	Arye L. Hillman	Department of Economics, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
25.	24.15	[23]	Eddie Dekel	Eitan Berglas School of Economics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
26.	25.05	[26]	Saul Lach	Department of Economics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
27.	26.25	[28]	Daniel Tsiddon	Eitan Berglas School of Economics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
28.	27.36	[29]	Roberto S. Mariano	School of Economics, Singapore Management University, Singapore, Singapore Singapore Management University, Singapore, Singapore
29.	27.85	[31]	Almas Heshmati	Technology Management, Economics and Policy Program (TEPP), Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
30.	28.67	[30]	Charles Yuji Horioka	Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
31.	31.63	[32]	Benjamin Eden	Department of Economics, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
32.	32.47	[33]	Bezalel Peleg	Center for the Study of Rationality, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
33.	36.95	[34]	Daniel Levy	Department of Economics, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
34.	37.96	[35]	Shmuel Nitzan	Department of Economics, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
35.	39.72	[38]	Junsen Zhang	Department of Economics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
36.	40.54	[39]	Yair Mundlak	Department of Agricultural Economics and Management, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
37.	40.67	[36]	Ehud Lehrer
38.	41.22	[37]	Dan Ben-David	Department of Public Policy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
39.	41.83	[41]	Leif Danziger	Economics Department, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
40.	42.94	[11]	Somdeb Lahiri	Institute of Petroleum Management, Gandhinagar, India
41.	43.12	[40]	Motty Perry	Department of Economics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel Center for the Study of Rationality, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
42.	44.43	[42]	Charles M. C. Lee	Guanghua School of Management, Peking University, Beijing, China
43.	44.8	[43]	Hitoshi Matsushima	Faculty of Economics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
44.	46.43	[44]	Eugene Kandel	Department of Economics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
45.	46.99	[46]	Julian Wright	Department of Economics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
46.	47	[48]	Sudhanshu Kumar Mishra	Department of Economics, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
47.	48.32	[45]	David Genesove	Department of Economics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
48.	49.41	[47]	Kotaro Suzumura	Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University, Tokyo, Japan
49.	50.6	[49]	Soyoung Kim	Department of Economics, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
50.	52.48	[50]	Chang-Jin Kim	Department of Economics, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
51.	52.88	[53]	Yongsung Chang	Department of Economics, College of Business and Economics, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea College of Business and Economics, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
52.	53.49	[51]	Ivan P.L. Png	Department of Economics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore Business School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
53.	54.65	[54]	Sam Ouliaris	Business School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
54.	55.26	[52]	Yi Wen	School of Economics and Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
55.	55.55	[62]	Michael Beenstock	Department of Economics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
56.	57.51	[55]	Eyal Winter	Department of Economics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
57.	58.55	[57]	Wing Suen	School of Economics & Finance, Faculty of Business and Economics, Hong Kong University, Faculty of Business and Economics, Hong Kong University,
58.	58.72	[56]	Mamoru Kaneko	Institute of Policy and Planning Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
59.	60.4	[58]	Satya P. Das	Planning Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, New Delhi, India Indian Statistical Institute, New Delhi, India
60.	62.77	[61]	Xiaobo Zhang	Center for Agricutural and Rural Development (CARD), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
61.	63.22	[60]	Atsushi Kajii	Institute of Economic Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
62.	63.35	[59]	Oz Shy	Department of Economics, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
63.	64.34	[63]	Danyang Xie	Department of Economics, Business School, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Kowloon, Hong Kong Business School, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Kowloon, Hong Kong
64.	64.72	[80]	Zubair Hasan	International Centre for Education in Islamic Finance (INCEIF), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
65.	65.46	[64]	Israel Zang	School of Management and Economics, Academic College of Tel Aviv Jaffa, Tel Aviv, Israel Recanati School of Business, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
66.	68.9	[66]	Siu Fai Leung	Department of Economics, Business School, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Kowloon, Hong Kong Business School, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Kowloon, Hong Kong
67.	69.37	[75]	Keijiro Otsuka	National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies (GRIPS), Tokyo, Japan Foundation for Advanced Studies on International Development (FASID),
68.	69.86	[76]	Ray Yeutien Chou	Institute of Economics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
69.	69.99	[68]	Arthur Fishman	Department of Economics, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
70.	70.12	[69]	Gil S. Epstein	Department of Economics, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
71.	70.9	[73]	Kyoji Fukao	Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI), Tokyo, Japan Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University, Tokyo, Japan Japan Center for Economic Research (JCER), Center for Economic Institutions, Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University, Tokyo, Japan
72.	70.99	[74]	Jang-Ok Cho	College of Economics, Sogang University, Seoul, South Korea
73.	71.19	[65]	Ofer H. Azar	Economics Department, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel School of Management, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel Monaster Center for Economic Research, Economics Department, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel Decision Making and Economic Psychology Center (DMEP), Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
74.	71.97	[79]	Francis T. Lui	Department of Economics, Business School, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Kowloon, Hong Kong Business School, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Kowloon, Hong Kong
75.	72.01	[70]	Zvika Neeman	Department of Economics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel Center for the Study of Rationality, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
76.	73.78	[72]	Parkash Chander	Department of Economics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
77.	73.98	[67]	Yujiro Hayami	National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies (GRIPS), Tokyo, Japan Foundation for Advanced Studies on International Development (FASID),
78.	75.05	[78]	Tatsuo Hatta	National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies (GRIPS), Tokyo, Japan
79.	75.19	[81]	Shigenori Shiratsuka	Bank of Japan, Tokyo, Japan Institute for Monetary and Economic Studies, Bank of Japan, Tokyo, Japan
80.	75.34	[77]	Abraham Neyman	Center for the Study of Rationality, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
81.	75.98	[71]	Kaz Miyagiwa	Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
82.	79.01	[84]	M. Daniele Paserman	Department of Economics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
83.	79.36	[82]	Eric D. Gould	Department of Economics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
84.	79.43	[83]	Chong K. Yip	Department of Economics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
85.	80.29	[95]	Venus Khim-Sen Liew	Labuan School of International Business and Finance, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Labuan, Malaysia
86.	83.73	[87]	Dan Peled	Department of Economics, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
87.	84.05	[85]	Y. K. Tse	Singapore Management University, Singapore, Singapore School of Economics, Singapore Management University, Singapore, Singapore
88.	84.58	[88]	Yuk-Shee Chan	Department of Finance and Insurance, Lingnan University, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong
89.	86.14	[89]	Hideshi Itoh	Graduate School of Commerce and Management, Hitotsubashi University, Tokyo, Japan
90.	86.44	[86]	Jie Zhang	Department of Economics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
91.	88.15	[91]	Xiaodong Zhu	School of Economics and Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
92.	89.21	[92]	Eran Yashiv	Pinhas Sapir Center for Economic Development, Eitan Berglas School of Economics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel Eitan Berglas School of Economics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
93.	91.27	[93]	Kwanho Shin	Department of Economics, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
94.	91.27	[100]	Poonam Gupta	Delhi School of Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi, India Department of Economics, Delhi School of Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
95.	92.13	[90]	Ake Blomqvist	Department of Economics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
96.	92.17	[97]	Mark Gradstein	Economics Department, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
97.	92.43	[96]	Satya R. Chakravarty	Indian Statistical Institute, Calcutta, India Economic Research Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Calcutta, India
98.	94.44	[94]	Shin-ichi Fukuda	Faculty of Economics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
99.	94.7	[98]	Jacques Silber	Department of Economics, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
100.	94.72	[99]	Chung-Ming Kuan	Institute of Economics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
101.	95.66	[104]	Sarbajit Chaudhuri SC	Department of Economics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
102.	98.61	[118]	Anthony S Tay	Singapore Management University, Singapore, Singapore School of Economics, Singapore Management University, Singapore, Singapore
103.	98.73	[103]	Sang-Seung Yi	Division of Economics, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
104.	98.77	[101]	Chong-En Bai	School of Economics and Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
105.	99.07	[108]	Jyotsna Jalan	Centre for Studies in Social Sciences, Kolkata, India
106.	99.55	[102]	Moshe Kim	Department of Economics, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
107.	100.28	[106]	Akihiko Matsui	Faculty of Economics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
108.	103.26	[115]	Nadeem Haque	Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad, Pakistan
109.	105.02	[126]	Ramesh Bhat
110.	105.59	[107]	Takao Kato	Tokyo Center for Economic Research (TCER), Tokyo, Japan
111.	106.01	[114]	Hongbin Cai	Guanghua School of Management, Peking University, Beijing, China
112.	106.09	[110]	David Edward Cook	Department of Economics, Business School, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Kowloon, Hong Kong Business School, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Kowloon, Hong Kong
113.	107.07	[105]	Yoon-Jae Whang	Division of Economics, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
114.	108.34	[117]	Arunava Sen	Planning Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, New Delhi, India Indian Statistical Institute, New Delhi, India
115.	109.86	[112]	Alistair Munro	National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies (GRIPS), Tokyo, Japan
116.	110.05	[116]	Avner Bar-ilan	Department of Economics, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
117.	110.7	[109]	Charles Ka Yui Leung
118.	111.05	[111]	Yoshiyasu Ono	Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
119.	111.24	[124]	Pami Dua	Delhi School of Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi, India Department of Economics, Delhi School of Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
120.	111.44	[121]	Jayant Menon	Asian Development Bank Institute, Asian Development Bank, Tokyo, Japan
121.	112.16	[128]	Minseong Kim	School of Economics, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
122.	112.22	[119]	Hiroshi Fujiki	Bank of Japan, Tokyo, Japan

Credits:

Citations from CitEc project by José Manuel Barrueco Cruz, University of Valencia, Spain. Hardware provided by Technical University of Valencia, Spain.
Abstract views and downloads statistics from LogEc project by Sune Karlsson, Örebro University, Sweden.
Author registration by Ivan Kumanov, Minsk, Belarus.
Institutions database and ranking computations by Christian Zimmermann, University of Connecticut.
RePEc has been initiated by Thomas Krichel, Long Island University.

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