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Operational Hedges and the Foreign Exchange Exposure of U.S. Multinational Corporations

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Cited by:

  1. Sangcheol Song, 2014. "Value and Cost of Multinationality: International Diversification and Real Options Effects," The International Journal of Business and Finance Research, The Institute for Business and Finance Research, vol. 8(5), pages 115-125.
  2. Guay, Wayne & Kothari, S. P, 2003. "How much do firms hedge with derivatives?," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 70(3), pages 423-461, December.
  3. Yu, Pei & Cai, Zhengfang & Sun, Yongping, 2021. "Does the emissions trading system in developing countries accelerate carbon leakage through OFDI? Evidence from China," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 101(C).
  4. Augustine C. Arize & John Malindretos & Ikechukwu Ndu & Demetri Tsanacas & Neirouz Watad, 2022. "A Survey of Multinational Company Accounting Foreign Exchange Exposure," International Journal of Finance, Insurance and Risk Management, International Journal of Finance, Insurance and Risk Management, vol. 12(2), pages 142-149.
  5. Shotar, M.M. & El-Mefleh, M.A., 2009. "Economic Exposure To Exchange Rates In Jordan Companies: A Monthly Econometric Model Of The Rate Of Return Of Firms, 2004-2007," Applied Econometrics and International Development, Euro-American Association of Economic Development, vol. 9(1).
  6. Demetri Tsanacas, 2022. "Valuation Challenges in High Tech Platform Based Corporations," International Journal of Economics & Business Administration (IJEBA), International Journal of Economics & Business Administration (IJEBA), vol. 0(1), pages 89-100.
  7. ITO Takatoshi & KOIBUCHI Satoshi & SATO Kiyotaka & SHIMIZU Junko, 2013. "Exchange Rate Risk Management of Export Firms: New findings from a questionnaire survey," Discussion papers 13024, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).
  8. Bredin, Don & Hyde, Stuart, 2011. "Investigating sources of unanticipated exposure in industry stock returns," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 35(5), pages 1128-1142, May.
  9. Sangcheol Song, 2014. "Subsidiary Divestment: The Role of Multinational Flexibility," Management International Review, Springer, vol. 54(1), pages 47-70, February.
  10. Sangcheol Song, 2015. "Inter-Country Exchange Rates and Intra-Firm Trade Flow Within Global Network of Multinational Corporations," Management International Review, Springer, vol. 55(1), pages 1-22, February.
  11. Richie, Nivine & Glegg, Charmaine & Gleason, Kimberly C., 2006. "The effects of SFAS 133 on foreign currency exposure of US-based multinational corporations," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 16(4), pages 424-439, October.
  12. Aysun, Uluc & Guldi, Melanie, 2011. "Exchange rate exposure: A nonparametric approach," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 12(4), pages 321-337.
  13. Chaieb, Ines & Mazzotta, Stefano, 2013. "Unconditional and conditional exchange rate exposure," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 32(C), pages 781-808.
  14. Tscheke, Jan, 2016. "Operational Hedging of Exchange Rate Risks," Discussion Papers in Economics 30227, University of Munich, Department of Economics.
  15. Song, Sangcheol, 2014. "Unfavorable Market Conditions, Institutional and Financial Development, and Exits of Foreign Subsidiaries," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 20(3), pages 279-289.
  16. Bang Nam Jeon & Lei Zhu & Dazhi Zheng, 2017. "Exchange rate exposure and financial crises: evidence from emerging Asian markets," Risk Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 19(1), pages 53-71, February.
  17. Hagigi, Moshe & Sivakumar, Kumar, 2009. "Managing diverse risks: An integrative framework," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 15(3), pages 286-295, September.
  18. Fraser, Steve P. & Pantzalis, Christos, 2004. "Foreign exchange rate exposure of US multinational corporations: a firm-specific approach," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 14(3), pages 261-281, July.
  19. Song, Sangcheol, 2022. "Cultural diversification, human resource-based coordination, and downside risks of multinationality," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 562-571.
  20. Bartram, Söhnke M. & Bodnar, Gordon, 2005. "The Exchange Rate Exposure Puzzle," MPRA Paper 6482, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  21. Aggarwal, Raj & Berrill, Jenny & Hutson, Elaine & Kearney, Colm, 2011. "What is a multinational corporation? Classifying the degree of firm-level multinationality," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 20(5), pages 557-577, October.
  22. Boehe, Dirk Michael, 2014. "Strategic hedging: Evidence from Brazilian exporters," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 49(3), pages 290-300.
  23. Vickery, James, 2008. "How and why do small firms manage interest rate risk," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 87(2), pages 446-470, February.
  24. Fang, Yiwei & Kang, Sang Baum & Lu, You, 2023. "Promoting financial stability of oil producers: Operational vs. financial hedging," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).
  25. Quang Nguyen & Trang Kim & Marina Papanastassiou, 2018. "Policy uncertainty, derivatives use, and firm-level FDI," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 49(1), pages 96-126, January.
  26. Song, Sangcheol & Lee, Seung-Hyun & Makhija, Mona, 2015. "Operational hedging in foreign direct investments under volatile and divergent exchange rates across countries," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 50(3), pages 548-557.
  27. Sunghee Choi & Md. Abdus Salam & Ki-Dong Lee, 2019. "The Nature of Exchange Rate Movements and Exchange Rate Exposure: The Bangladesh Case," Journal of South Asian Development, , vol. 14(2), pages 180-222, August.
  28. Likitwongkajon, Napaporn & Vithessonthi, Chaiporn, 2022. "Internationalization, foreign exchange exposure and firm risk," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
  29. Aggarwal, Raj & Chen, Xiaoying & Yur-Austin, Jasmine, 2011. "Currency risk exposure of Chinese corporations," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 25(3), pages 266-276, September.
  30. Huffman, Stephen P. & Makar, Stephen D. & Beyer, Scott B., 2010. "A three-factor model investigation of foreign exchange-rate exposure," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 21(1), pages 1-12.
  31. Muller, A. & Verschoor, Willem F.C., 2008. "The Latin American exchange exposure of U.S. multinationals," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 18(2), pages 112-130, April.
  32. Swidan, Hassan & Merkert, Rico, 2019. "The relative effect of operational hedging on airline operating costs," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 70-77.
  33. Ito, Takatoshi & Koibuchi, Satoshi & Sato, Kiyotaka & Shimizu, Junko, 2016. "Exchange rate exposure and risk management: The case of Japanese exporting firms," Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 17-29.
  34. Lee, In Hyeock (Ian) & Hong, Eunsuk & Makino, Shige, 2020. "The effect of non-conventional outbound foreign direct investment (FDI) on the domestic employment of multinational enterprises (MNEs)," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 29(3).
  35. Muller, Aline & Verschoor, Willem F.C., 2006. "Asymmetric foreign exchange risk exposure: Evidence from U.S. multinational firms," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 13(4-5), pages 495-518, October.
  36. Anderson, Brian P. & Makar, Stephen D. & Huffman, Stephen H., 2004. "Exchange rate exposure and foreign exchange derivatives: do ineffective hedgers modify future derivatives use?," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 18(2), pages 205-216, June.
  37. Augustine C. Arize & John Malindretos & Ikechukwu Ndu & Demetri Tsanacas & Neirouz Watad, 2022. "A Survey of Multinational Company Accounting Foreign Exchange Exposure," International Journal of Finance, Insurance and Risk Management, International Journal of Finance, Insurance and Risk Management, vol. 12(2), pages 128-135.
  38. Gamze Ozturk Danisman & Pelin Demirel, 2019. "Corporate risk management practices and firm value in an emerging market: a mixed methods approach," Risk Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 21(1), pages 19-47, March.
  39. Hutson, Elaine & Laing, Elaine, 2014. "Foreign exchange exposure and multinationality," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 97-113.
  40. Wong, Kit Pong, 2006. "Foreign direct investment and forward hedging," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 16(5), pages 459-474, December.
  41. Lindner, Thomas & Klein, Florian & Schmidt, Stefan, 2018. "The effect of internationalization on firm capital structure: A meta-analysis and exploration of institutional contingencies," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 27(6), pages 1238-1249.
  42. Chou, De-Wai & Lin, Lin & Hung, Pi-Hsia & Lin, Chun Heng, 2017. "A revisit to economic exposure of U.S. multinational corporations," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 273-287.
  43. Sangcheol Song, 2017. "Ownership Increase in International Joint Ventures: The Within- and Across-Country Flexibility Perspective," Management International Review, Springer, vol. 57(1), pages 93-120, February.
  44. Muller, Aline & Verschoor, Willem F.C., 2006. "Foreign exchange risk exposure: Survey and suggestions," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 16(4), pages 385-410, October.
  45. Van Cauwenberge, Annelies & Vancauteren, Mark & Braekers, Roel & Vandemaele, Sigrid, 2021. "Measuring and explaining firm-level exchange rate exposure: The role of foreign market destinations and international trade," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 105(C).
  46. Sangcheol Song, 2013. "FDI Structure, Investment Specificity, and Multinationality Value under Host Market Uncertainty," Management International Review, Springer, vol. 53(6), pages 795-817, December.
  47. David A. Carter & Daniel A. Rogers & Betty J. Simkins, 2006. "Does Hedging Affect Firm Value? Evidence from the US Airline Industry," Financial Management, Financial Management Association International, vol. 35(1), pages 53-86, March.
  48. Kim, Soon Sung & Chung, Jaiho & Hwang, Joon Ho & Pyun, Ju Hyun, 2020. "The effectiveness of foreign debt in hedging exchange rate exposure: Multinational enterprises vs. exporting firms," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
  49. Bartram, Söhnke M. & Brown, Gregory W. & Minton, Bernadette A., 2010. "Resolving the exposure puzzle: The many facets of exchange rate exposure," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 95(2), pages 148-173, February.
  50. Aabo, Tom & Ploeen, Rasmus, 2014. "The German humpback: Internationalization and foreign exchange hedging," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 27(C), pages 114-129.
  51. Hoberg, Gerard & Moon, S. Katie, 2017. "Offshore activities and financial vs operational hedging," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 125(2), pages 217-244.
  52. Jiaqi Jiang & Yun Feng, 2021. "The interaction of risk management tools: Financial hedging, corporate diversification and liquidity," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 26(2), pages 2396-2413, April.
  53. Choi, Jongmoo Jay & Jiang, Cao, 2009. "Does multinationality matter? Implications of operational hedging for the exchange risk exposure," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 33(11), pages 1973-1982, November.
  54. Chang, Feng-Yi & Hsin, Chin-Wen & Shiah-Hou, Shin-Rong, 2013. "A re-examination of exposure to exchange rate risk: The impact of earnings management and currency derivative usage," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 37(8), pages 3243-3257.
  55. Fauver, Larry & Naranjo, Andy, 2010. "Derivative usage and firm value: The influence of agency costs and monitoring problems," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 16(5), pages 719-735, December.
  56. Song, Sangcheol, 2023. "Multinational operational flexibility, within-network redundancy, and downside risks and divestment rates of international investments," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 32(1).
  57. He, Qing & Liu, Junyi & Zhang, Ce, 2021. "Exchange rate exposure and its determinants in China," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
  58. Martin, Anna D. & Mauer, Laurence J., 2003. "Transaction versus economic exposure: which has greater cash flow consequences?," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 12(4), pages 437-449.
  59. Blake Loriot & Elaine Hutson & Hue Hwa Au Yong, 2020. "Equity-linked executive compensation, hedging and foreign exchange exposure: Australian evidence," Australian Journal of Management, Australian School of Business, vol. 45(1), pages 72-93, February.
  60. Agyei-Ampomah, Sam & Mazouz, Khelifa & Yin, Shuxing, 2013. "The foreign exchange exposure of UK non-financial firms: A comparison of market-based methodologies," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 251-260.
  61. Yidi Sun & Bruce Morley, 2021. "The Dynamics of Foreign Exchange Derivative Use in China," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-18, June.
  62. Chung, Hyunchul & Majerbi, Basma & Rizeanu, Sorin, 2015. "Exchange risk premia and firm characteristics," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 22(C), pages 96-125.
  63. ITO Takatoshi & KOIBUCHI Satoshi & SATO Kiyotaka & SHIMIZU Junko, 2013. "Exchange Rate Exposure and Exchange Rate Risk Management: The case of Japanese exporting firms," Discussion papers 13025, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).
  64. Kim, Huong Trang & Papanastassiou, Marina & Nguyen, Quang, 2017. "Multinationals and the impact of corruption on financial derivatives use and firm value: Evidence from East Asia," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 39-59.
  65. Kim, Young Sang & Mathur, Ike & Nam, Jouahn, 2006. "Is operational hedging a substitute for or a complement to financial hedging?," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 12(4), pages 834-853, September.
  66. Hege, Ulrich & Hutson, Elaine & Laing, Elaine, 2021. "Mandatory governance reform and corporate risk management," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
  67. Aabo, Tom & Høg, Esben & Kuhn, Jochen, 2010. "Integrated foreign exchange risk management: The role of import in medium-sized manufacturing firms," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 20(4-5), pages 235-250, December.
  68. Park, Soon Hong & Suh, Jungwon & Yeung, Bernard, 2013. "Do multinational and domestic corporations differ in their leverage policies?," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 20(C), pages 115-139.
  69. S. Veeramani & Abha Shukla & Mariam Jamaleh, 2020. "Financial theories of foreign direct investment: a review of literature," Economia e Politica Industriale: Journal of Industrial and Business Economics, Springer;Associazione Amici di Economia e Politica Industriale, vol. 47(2), pages 185-217, June.
  70. Hutson, Elaine & O'Driscoll, Anthony, 2010. "Firm-level exchange rate exposure in the Eurozone," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 19(5), pages 468-478, October.
  71. Duanmu, Jing-Lin & Lawton, Thomas, 2021. "Foreign buyout of international equity joint ventures in China: When does performance improve?," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 56(5).
  72. Zero Deng, 2020. "Foreign Exchange Risk, Hedging, and Tax‐Motivated Outbound Income Shifting," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 58(4), pages 953-987, September.
  73. Van Cauwenberge Annelies & Vancauteren Mark & Braekers Roel & Vandemaele Sigrid, 2022. "The degree of international trade and exchange rate exposure—Firm‐level evidence from two small open economies," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 27(4), pages 3832-3850, October.
  74. Laing, Elaine & Lucey, Brian M. & Lütkemeyer, Tobias, 2020. "Which form of hedging matters — Operational or financial? Evidence from the US oil and gas sector," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 51(C).
  75. Serkan Yilmaz Kandir & Ahmet Erismis, 2010. "Investigating Exchange Rate Exposure of Bank Shares: Empirical Evidence From ISE," Istanbul Stock Exchange Review, Research and Business Development Department, Borsa Istanbul, vol. 12(46), pages 49-83.
  76. Krapl, Alain & O'Brien, Thomas J., 2015. "Direct versus indirect regression estimates of foreign exchange cash flow exposure," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 37(C), pages 103-112.
  77. Krapl, Alain & Salyer, Robert, 2017. "The effects of fair value reporting on corporate foreign exchange exposures," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 39(PA), pages 215-238.
  78. Morteza Nagahi & Mohammad Nagahisarchoghaei & Nadia Soleimani & Raed M. Jaradat, 2018. "Hedge Strategies of Corporate Houses," Journal of Business Administration Research, Journal of Business Administration Research, Sciedu Press, vol. 7(1), pages 6-21, April.
  79. Himanshu Joshi, 2018. "Corporate Risk Management, Firms’ Characteristics and Capital Structure: Evidence from Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) Sensex Companies," Vision, , vol. 22(4), pages 395-404, December.
  80. Joseph, Nathan Lael & Lambertides, Neophytos & Savva, Christos S., 2015. "Short-horizon excess returns and exchange rate and interest rate effects," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 37(C), pages 54-76.
  81. Luke Lin & Chun I Lee, 2017. "Unmasking the Relationships Between Exchange Rate Exposure and Its Determinants: A More Complete Picture from Quantile Regressions," Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies (RPBFMP), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 20(04), pages 1-28, December.
  82. Fang, Wei & Liu, Zhen & Surya Putra, Ahmad Romadhoni, 2022. "Role of research and development in green economic growth through renewable energy development: Empirical evidence from South Asia," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 194(C), pages 1142-1152.
  83. Bai, Xiwen & Cheng, Liangqi & Iris, Çağatay, 2022. "Data-driven financial and operational risk management: Empirical evidence from the global tramp shipping industry," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).
  84. Praveen Bhagawan M. & P.J. Jijo Lukose, 2014. "Currency Exposure and Hedging Practices among Indian Non-financial Firms," Foreign Trade Review, , vol. 49(3), pages 247-262, August.
  85. Hege, Ulrich & Hutson, Elaine & Laing, Elaine, 2018. "The impact of mandatory governance changes on financial risk management," TSE Working Papers 18-889, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE).
  86. Song, Sangcheol, 2015. "Exchange rate challenges, flexible intra-firm adjustments, and subsidiary longevity," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 50(1), pages 36-45.
  87. Bong†Soo Lee & Jungwon Suh, 2012. "Exchange Rate Changes and the Operating Performance of Multinationals," European Financial Management, European Financial Management Association, vol. 18(1), pages 88-116, January.
  88. Yusoff, Iliyas & Chen, Chen & Lai, Karen & Naiker, Vic & Wang, Jun, 2023. "Foreign exchange exposure and analysts’ earnings forecasts," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 146(C).
  89. Rountree, Brian & Weston, James P. & Allayannis, George, 2008. "Do investors value smooth performance?," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 90(3), pages 237-251, December.
  90. Andrea Gamba & Alexander J. Triantis, 2014. "Corporate Risk Management: Integrating Liquidity, Hedging, and Operating Policies," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 60(1), pages 246-264, January.
  91. Chansog Kim & Christos Pantzalis & Jung Chul Park, 2014. "Do Family Owners Use Firm Hedging Policy to Hedge Personal Undiversified Wealth Risk?," Financial Management, Financial Management Association International, vol. 43(2), pages 415-444, June.
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