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Innovationen ohne Forschung und Entwicklung: Eine Untersuchung zu Unternehmen, die ohne eigene FuE-Tätigkeit neue Produkte und Prozesse einführen

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  • Rammer, Christian
  • Köhler, Christian
  • Murmann, Martin
  • Pesau, Agnes
  • Schwiebacher, Franz
  • Kinkel, Steffen
  • Kirner, Eva
  • Schubert, Torben
  • Som, Oliver

Abstract

Insgesamt gab es in Deutschland im Jahr 2008 über 72.000 Innovatoren ohne eigene FuE. Ihnen standen rund 54.000 forschende Innovatoren gegenüber. Gemessen an der Gesamtzahl von ca. 270.000 wirtschaftsaktiven Unternehmen im Jahr 2008 machen die Innovatoren ohne eigene FuE somit rund 27 % des Unternehmensbestands aus. Betrachtet man Industrie- und Dienstleistungssektor getrennt, so zählten im Jahr 2008 im Verarbeitenden Gewerbe rund 44 % aller innovierenden Unternehmen zur Gruppe der nicht forschenden Innovatoren. Im Dienstleistungssektor liegt diese Quote bei 68 %. Für Industrie und Dienstleistungen zusammen wiesen 57 % der Innovatoren keine interne FuE-Tätigkeit auf. Dieser Anteil der Innovatoren ohne eigene FuE ist über die betrachteten Jahre hinweg weitgehend stabil. Ihre Bedeutung für das Innovationsgeschehen in Deutschland ist gleichwohl nicht vernachlässigbar. 14 % des gesamten Neuproduktumsatzes in Deutschland im Jahr 2008 und immerhin 12 % des Umsatzes mit Marktneuheiten wurde von Innovatoren ohne eigene FuE-Tätigkeit erzielt. Ihr Beitrag zur Prozessinnovationstätigkeit ist noch deutlich höher. So geht über ein Viertel der durch neue Verfahren erreichten Kostensenkungen auf Innovatoren ohne eigene FuE zurück. Im europäischen Vergleich ist der für Deutschland zu beobachtende Anteil der Innovatoren ohne eigene FuE gemessen an allen Innovatoren eher niedrig. In den skandinavischen Ländern, sowie in Frankreich, den Niederlanden und Belgien betreibt der überwiegende Teil der innovativen Unternehmen selbst FuE. Die insgesamt höchsten Anteile von Innovatoren ohne FuE finden sich in den mittel- und osteuropäischen Ländern.

Suggested Citation

  • Rammer, Christian & Köhler, Christian & Murmann, Martin & Pesau, Agnes & Schwiebacher, Franz & Kinkel, Steffen & Kirner, Eva & Schubert, Torben & Som, Oliver, 2010. "Innovationen ohne Forschung und Entwicklung: Eine Untersuchung zu Unternehmen, die ohne eigene FuE-Tätigkeit neue Produkte und Prozesse einführen," Studien zum deutschen Innovationssystem 15-2011, Expertenkommission Forschung und Innovation (EFI) - Commission of Experts for Research and Innovation, Berlin.
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:efisdi:152011
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    1. Rammer, Christian & Spielkamp, Alfred, 2015. "Hidden Champions - Driven by Innovation: Empirische Befunde auf Basis des Mannheimer Innovationspanels," ZEW Dokumentationen 15-03, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
    2. Maaß, Frank & Führmann, Bettina, 2012. "Innovationstätigkeit im Mittelstand: Messung und Bewertung," IfM-Materialien 212, Institut für Mittelstandsforschung (IfM) Bonn.
    3. Martin Borowiecki & Bernhard Dachs & Doris Hanzl-Weiss & Steffen Kinkel & Johannes Pöschl & Magdolna Sass & Thomas Christian Schmall & Robert Stehrer & Andrea Szalavetz, 2012. "Global Value Chains and the EU Industry," wiiw Research Reports 383, The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw.
    4. Thomä, Jörg, 2017. "DUI mode learning and barriers to innovation—A case from Germany," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 46(7), pages 1327-1339.
    5. Thomä, Jörg, 2017. "DUI mode learning and barriers to innovation - the case of Germany," ifh Working Papers 7 (2017), Volkswirtschaftliches Institut für Mittelstand und Handwerk an der Universität Göttingen (ifh).

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