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Warum Staaten Ökosteuern statt Lizenzen einführen, und wann das schlecht für die Wohlfahrt ist

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  • Haucap, Justus
  • Kirstein, Roland

Abstract

In diesem Aufsatz untersuchen wir, warum Staaten Anreize haben, Umweltverschmutzung zu besteuern anstatt Umweltverschmutzungsrechte zu veräußern. Unser Modell berücksichtigt, dass Regierungen sowohl umweltpolitische Ziele als auch fiskalische oder industriepolitische Motive haben können. Wir zeigen, dass eine budgetorientierte Regierung als monopolistischer Anbieter von Verschmutzungsrechten Anreize hat, das Verschmutzungsniveau suboptimal niedrig zu halten, indem sie die Lizenzmenge künstlich verknappt und so den Lizenzpreis erhöht. Dabei berücksichtigen wir, dass Lizenzen dauerhaft nutzbare Güter sind und dass der Staat als monopolistischer Anbieter der Lizenzen Anreize hat, nach Abschluss der ersten Verkaufsrunde weitere Lizenzen zu verkaufen, um so die Einnahmen zu steigern. Werden Verschmutzungsrechte jedoch nicht dauerhaft verkauft, sondern stattdessen Emissionen mit einer Steuer belegt, so ist der budgetmaximierende Steuersatz in jeder Periode derselbe. Damit bleibt in jeder Periode auch der Schadstoffausstoß auf demselben (suboptimal niedrigen) Niveau, bei dem zwar das Steueraufkommen, nicht aber die Wohlfahrt maximiert wird. In einem Lizenzregime ist es dagegen eher zu erwarten, dass die wohlfahrtsmaximierende Emissionsmenge erreicht wird, weil der Staat sich nicht glaubwürdig auf das monopolistische Niveau festlegen kann. Dieses Argument für ein Lizenzregime ergänzt die bekannten Argumente pro Umweltlizenzen, die sich auf Informationsasymmetrien und Innovationsanreize beziehen.

Suggested Citation

  • Haucap, Justus & Kirstein, Roland, 2002. "Warum Staaten Ökosteuern statt Lizenzen einführen, und wann das schlecht für die Wohlfahrt ist," CSLE Discussion Paper Series 2002-07, Saarland University, CSLE - Center for the Study of Law and Economics.
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:csledp:200207
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Emissionszertifikate; Ökosteuer; Glaubwürdigkeit; Zeitinkonsistenz; dauerhafte Güter; politische Ökonomie; Emissions Permits; Pollution Tax; Credibility; Time Inconsistency; Durable Goods; Political Economy;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • K3 - Law and Economics - - Other Substantive Areas of Law
    • H2 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue
    • D7 - Microeconomics - - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making

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