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Die Macht der Mitgliedstaaten im Ministerrat der EU und im Ministerrat für Fragen der Währungsunion nach dem Vertrag von Lissabon

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  • Meyer, Eric

Abstract

[Einleitung] Mit dem Vertrag von Lissabon und den damit verbundenen Änderungen im institutionellen Gefüge der Europäischen Union wurden auch die Abstimmungsregeln im Ministerrat erneut geändert. Diesen Änderungen vorausgegangen waren langwierige Diskussionen und Änderungsvorschläge, die sich insbesondere in den Verfassungsentwürfen des Europäischen Konvents und der Intergovernmental Conference (IGC) zum Entwurf des Verfassungsvertrages manifestierten. Nachdem der IGC-Entwurf eines Verfassungsvertrages in Frankreich und in den Niederlanden in Referenden abgelehnt worden war, wurde die weitere Ratifizierung in einigen EU-Ländern, die den Vertrag noch ratifizieren mussten, ausgesetzt und erst im Juni 2006 beschloss der Europäische Rat eine Wiederaufnahme der Verhandlungen über einen neuen EU-Vertrag, indem die Ratspräsidentschaft beauftragt wurde, bis zum ersten Halbjahr 2007 einen Bericht zu Möglichkeiten der Fortführung des Verfassungsvertrages vorzulegen. Die Verhandlungen wurden insbesondere unter der deutschen Präsidentschaft im ersten Halbjahr 2007 vorangetrieben und mündeten im Beschluss auf dem Europäischen Gipfel im Juni 2007, eine Regierungskonferenz einzusetzen, die einen neuen Vertrag aushandeln soll. Unter der portugiesischen Präsidentschaft wurden diese Verhandlungen fortgeführt und mündeten im Vertrag von Lissabon, der auf der Sitzung des Europäischen Rates am 12 und 13. Dezember 2007 in Lissabon unterzeichnet wurde. Im Zuge des Verhandlungsprozesses erwiesen sich gerade die institutionellen Fragen als sehr kontrovers. Dennoch gelang es einige grundlegende institutionelle Änderungen vorzunehmen, die auch die Abstimmungsregeln im Ministerrat betreffen. Der folgende Beitrag untersucht die Macht der einzelnen Mitgliedstaaten im Ministerrat nach den alten Regeln des Nizza-Vertrages und nach den neuen Regeln des Lissabon-Vertrages. Nach einem Literaturüberblick über bestehende Machtanalysen im Ministerrat nach dem Vertrag von Lissabon und einer kurzen Beschreibung des verwendeten Banzhaf-Machtindex wird in Abschnitt vier das neue Abstimmungsverfahren im Ministerrat nach dem EUV und dem AEUV beschrieben. Der fünfte Abschnitt bildet den Hauptteil der Untersuchung und analysiert die Machtverschiebung nach den Abstimmungsverfahren des Vertrages von Lissabon im Vergleich zu den aktuellen Bestimmungen aus dem Vertrag von Nizza. Erstens wird untersucht, welchen Effekt die geforderten Abstimmungsquoren haben, zweitens wird zwischen den beiden unterschiedlichen Machtarten (Gestaltungsmacht und Blockademacht) unterschieden und drittens wird in diesem Arbeitspapier ausführlich analysiert, wie sich die neuen Bestimmungen in Fällen, wo nicht alle Mitgliedstaaten abstimmungsberechtigt sind, also insbesondere im Fall der Währungsunion, auswirken.

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  • Meyer, Eric, 2013. "Die Macht der Mitgliedstaaten im Ministerrat der EU und im Ministerrat für Fragen der Währungsunion nach dem Vertrag von Lissabon," Beiträge zur angewandten Wirtschaftsforschung 36, University of Münster, Center of Applied Economic Research Münster (CAWM).
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:cawmbg:36
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