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Consumption, Size and Book-to-Market Ratio in Equity Returns

Author

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  • Pongrapeeporn Abhakorn
  • Peter N. Smith
  • Michael R. Wickens

Abstract

This study extends the standard consumption-based capital asset pricing model (C-CAPM) to include two additional factors related to firm size (SMB) and book-to-market value ratio (HML). The inclusion of HML improves mainly the fit of the low book-to-market portfolios, SMB, and HML that are not correctly priced in the standard C-CAPM. Consumption premium varies across size and coincides with the size effect. The effect of a HML premium is to reduce the amount of consumption premium, implying that low book-to-market ratio and, to a lesser degree, small portfolios are not as risky as consumption predicts. The HML premium across size is contradictory to the size effect as small firms have a larger negative HML premium.

Suggested Citation

  • Pongrapeeporn Abhakorn & Peter N. Smith & Michael R. Wickens, "undated". "Consumption, Size and Book-to-Market Ratio in Equity Returns," Discussion Papers 11/24, Department of Economics, University of York.
    • Handle: RePEc:yor:yorken:11/24
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    Cited by:

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    3. Massimo Guidolin & Erwin Hansen & Martín Lozano-Banda, 2018. "Portfolio performance of linear SDF models: an out-of-sample assessment," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 18(8), pages 1425-1436, August.
    4. Abhakorn, Pongrapeeporn & Smith, Peter N. & Wickens, Michael R., 2016. "Can stochastic discount factor models explain the cross-section of equity returns?," Review of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 28(C), pages 56-68.
    5. Adeel Nasir & Kanwal Iqbal Khan & Mário Nuno Mata & Pedro Neves Mata & Jéssica Nunes Martins, 2021. "Optimisation of Time-Varying Asset Pricing Models with Penetration of Value at Risk and Expected Shortfall," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 9(4), pages 1-38, February.
    6. Wickens, Michael R., 2014. "How did we get to where we are now? Reflections on 50 years of macroeconomic and financial econometrics," CEPR Discussion Papers 10197, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    7. Michael Wickens, 2015. "How Did We Get to Where We Are Now? Reflections on 50 Years of Macroeconomic and Financial Econometrics," Manchester School, University of Manchester, vol. 83, pages 60-82, December.
    8. Frank Schuhmacher & Hendrik Kohrs & Benjamin R. Auer, 2021. "Justifying Mean-Variance Portfolio Selection when Asset Returns Are Skewed," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 67(12), pages 7812-7824, December.
    9. Huang, Lin & Wang, Zijun, 2014. "Is the investment factor a proxy for time-varying investment opportunities? The US and international evidence," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 219-232.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Risk Premium; Equity Return; Stochastic Discount Factor; Consumption;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G12 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Asset Pricing; Trading Volume; Bond Interest Rates
    • G14 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Information and Market Efficiency; Event Studies; Insider Trading
    • C32 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes; State Space Models
    • E44 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy

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