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Measuring and testing for gender discrimination in professions: the case of English family doctors

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H Gravelle
A Risa Hole

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Abstract

In 2004 the income of female GPs was 70%, and their wages (income per hour) were 91%, of those of male GPs. We compare estimates of gender discrimination from Oaxaca decompositions using models of wages (income/hours), OLS and 2SLS models of income, and propensity score matching. We propose a new direct test for within workplace gender discrimination based on a comparison of the differences in income of female and male GPs in practices in which all GPs are of the same gender with the differences in male and female income in mixed gender practices. We find that the coefficients on log hours in the log income models are positive but significantly less than 1, so that log wage models are misspecified. Discrimination, as measured by the unexplained difference in mean log income varied between 21% to 28%. However, our direct tests could not reject the null hypothesis of no within workplace gender discrimination.

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Paper provided by Department of Economics, University of York in its series Discussion Papers with number 08/27.

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Date of creation: Aug 2008
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Handle: RePEc:yor:yorken:08/27

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Postal: Department of Economics and Related Studies, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
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Related research
Keywords: Gender discrimination. Professions. Family doctors. Propensity score matching.;

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Find related papers by JEL classification:
J16 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
J44 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Particular Labor Markets - - - Professional Labor Markets and Occupations
J71 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Labor Discrimination - - - Hiring and Firing
I11 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Analysis of Health Care Markets

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    Other versions:
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  15. Rizzo, John A. & Zeckhauser, Richard J., 2007. "Pushing incomes to reference points: Why do male doctors earn more?," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 63(3), pages 514-536, July. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  20. McNabb, Robert & Wass, Victoria, 2006. "Male-female earnings differentials among lawyers in Britain: a legacy of the law or a current practice?," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 13(2), pages 219-235, April. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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