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"Smart Diversifation" im Außenhandel

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  • Andreas Reinstaller

Abstract

Smart Specialisation-Strategien (3S) stellen einen neuen Ansatz im Kontext der Europäischen Industrie- und Regionalpolitik dar. Dies sind wirtschaftspolitische Maßnahmen, die darauf abzielen, neue Spezialisierungen auf der Grundlage bestehender räumlich und technologisch konzentrierter Kompetenzen und Stärken voranzutreiben. Da es sich dabei aber primär um die Unterstützung von Diversifizierungsprozessen handelt, verwendet dieser Beitrag den Begriff „Smart Diversification“. Es wird argumentiert, dass diese Strategien auf der Ausnutzung von Verbundeffekten (z.B. Wissensspillovers) aufbauen. Der Beitrag zeigt, dass diese Effekte tatsächlich eine wichtige Rolle bei der Entwicklung neuer Spezialisierungen im österreichischen Außenhandel spielen, da sie die Grundlage für Kostenvorteile bei der Erzeugung spezifischer Güter und die Herausbildung von Alleinstellungsmerkmalen bilden. Andererseits führen sie auch zu Pfadabhängigkeiten in der Entwicklung des Exportportfolios, die langfristig zu einem strukturellen „Lock-in“ führen könnten. Ob lokale Kompetenzen und darauf aufbauende Spezialisierungen eine Chance oder eine Einschränkung für die weitere Entwicklung sind, hängt auch von forschungs-, technologie- und innovationspolitischen Maßnahmen ab, die darauf abzielen, bestehende Stärken weiterzuentwickeln und mit neuen Wissens- oder Technologiebereichen zu verknüpfen. Es geht also im Sinne Schumpeters um die Schöpfung und Umsetzung „neuer Kombinationen“.

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  • Andreas Reinstaller, 2015. ""Smart Diversifation" im Außenhandel," FIW Policy Brief series 027, FIW.
    • Handle: RePEc:wsr:pbrief:y:2015:i:027
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. John Sutton & Daniel Trefler, 2011. "Deductions from the Export Basket: Capabilities, Wealth and Trade," NBER Working Papers 16834, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    2. Martin L. Weitzman, 1998. "Recombinant Growth," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 113(2), pages 331-360.
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    Cited by:

    1. Werner Hölzl & Klaus S. Friesenbichler & Agnes Kügler & Michael Peneder & Andreas Reinstaller & Gerhard Schwarz, 2016. "Österreich 2025 – Industrie 2025: Wettbewerbsfähigkeit, Standortfaktoren, Markt- und Produktstrategien und die Positionierung österreichischer Unternehmen in der internationalen Wertschöpfungskette," WIFO Studies, WIFO, number 59184, February.
    2. Gunther Tichy, 2016. "Persistente Strukturprobleme trotz zutreffender Strukturprognosen," WIFO Monatsberichte (monthly reports), WIFO, vol. 89(8), pages 553-571, August.
    3. Thomas Url, 2016. "Gesamtwirtschaftliche Auswirkungen der Exportgarantien in Österreich," WIFO Studies, WIFO, number 58839, April.
    4. Gunther Tichy, 2015. "Wirtschaftsstandort Österreich – von der "Überholspur" aufs "Abstellgleis"," WIFO Monatsberichte (monthly reports), WIFO, vol. 88(8), pages 635-648, August.
    5. Thomas Url, 2016. "Steigende Internationalisierung erzeugt neue Herausforderungen für staatliche Exportgarantien," WIFO Monatsberichte (monthly reports), WIFO, vol. 89(8), pages 593-603, August.
    6. Karl Aiginger & Marcus Scheiblecker, 2016. "Österreich 2025 – Eine Agenda für mehr Dynamik, sozialen Ausgleich und ökologische Nachhaltigkeit. Fortschrittsbericht," WIFO Studies, WIFO, number 58885, February.
    7. Werner Hölzl & Klaus S. Friesenbichler & Agnes Kügler & Michael Peneder & Andreas Reinstaller, 2017. "Österreich 2025 – Wettbewerbsfähigkeit, Standortfaktoren, Markt- und Produktstrategien österreichischer Unternehmen und die Positionierung in der internationalen Wertschöpfungskette," WIFO Monatsberichte (monthly reports), WIFO, vol. 90(3), pages 219-228, March.
    8. N. N., 2017. "WIFO-Monatsberichte, Heft 3/2017," WIFO Monatsberichte (monthly reports), WIFO, vol. 90(3), March.
    9. Patricia Walter, 2017. "Anatomy of Austria’s trade in services," Monetary Policy & the Economy, Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Austrian Central Bank), issue 1, pages 33-52.

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