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Warum die Neue Industriepolitik die Deindustrialisierung beschleunigen wird

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  • Michael Peneder

Abstract

Der anhaltende Produktivitätsvorsprung der USA sowie die zunehmende Konkurrenz aus den Schwellenländern führen in Europa seit Mitte der 1990er-Jahre zu einer intensiven Auseinandersetzung mit Fragen der Wettbewerbsfähigkeit. Höhepunkt ist der jüngste Appell der Europäischen Kommission zur Reindustrialisierung verbunden mit dem Ziel eines Anteils der Industrie an der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Wertschöpfung von 20%. Vor diesem Hintergrund stellt dieser Beitrag die Frage, ob der Strukturwandel von den Sachgütern hin zu den Dienstleistungen grundsätzlich umkehrbar ist. Einzelne Länder können zwar durch komparative Vorteile im internationalen Handel ihren Industrieanteil erhöhen, insgesamt wird die Deindustrialisierung aber von der mit steigenden Einkommen unterdurchschnittlich wachsenden Nachfrage und der überdurchschnittlich wachsenden Produktivität in der Erzeugung von Sachgütern bestimmt. Eine passive, auf Handelsbeschränkungen gerichtete Politik ist nicht wünschenswert und aufgrund der zunehmenden globalen Verflechtungen auch praktisch immer schwieriger umzusetzen. Eine aktive, das Produktivitätswachstum stärkende Industriepolitik ist hingegen notwendig und sinnvoll. Paradoxerweise wird sie aber entgegen der Zielsetzung der Europäischen Union langfristig den Rückgang des Anteils der Industrie an den gesamtwirtschaftlichen Einkommen nicht umkehren, sondern beschleunigen.

Suggested Citation

  • Michael Peneder, 2014. "Warum die Neue Industriepolitik die Deindustrialisierung beschleunigen wird," FIW Policy Brief series 023, FIW.
    • Handle: RePEc:wsr:pbrief:y:2014:i:023
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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    Cited by:

    1. Karl Aiginger, 2014. "Industrial Policy for a Sustainable Growth Path. WWWforEurope Policy Paper No. 13," WIFO Studies, WIFO, number 47261, Juni.
    2. Roman Stöllinger, 2016. "Structural change and global value chains in the EU," Empirica, Springer;Austrian Institute for Economic Research;Austrian Economic Association, vol. 43(4), pages 801-829, November.
    3. Karl Aiginger & Marcus Scheiblecker, 2016. "Österreich 2025 – Eine Agenda für mehr Dynamik, sozialen Ausgleich und ökologische Nachhaltigkeit. Fortschrittsbericht," WIFO Studies, WIFO, number 58885, February.
    4. Harald Oberhofer, 2014. "Die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit der österreichischen Exportwirtschaft: Die Rolle der KMUs," FIW Policy Brief series 025, FIW.
    5. Kurt Bayer, 2018. "Which Structural Reforms Does E(M)U Need to Function Properly?," wiiw Policy Notes 28, The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw.
    6. Karl Aiginger & Marcus Scheiblecker, 2016. "Österreich 2025: Eine Agenda für erhöhte Dynamik, sozialen Ausgleich und ökologische Nachhaltigkeit," WIFO Monatsberichte (monthly reports), WIFO, vol. 89(8), pages 573-591, August.
    7. Karl Aiginger, 2014. "Industrial Policy for a Sustainable Growth Path," WIFO Working Papers 469, WIFO.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    competitiveness; industrial policy; deindustrialisation; reindustrialisation; structural change;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • O14 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Industrialization; Manufacturing and Service Industries; Choice of Technology
    • O25 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Development Planning and Policy - - - Industrial Policy
    • L16 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance - - - Industrial Organization and Macroeconomics; Macroeconomic Industrial Structure
    • L52 - Industrial Organization - - Regulation and Industrial Policy - - - Industrial Policy; Sectoral Planning Methods
    • L53 - Industrial Organization - - Regulation and Industrial Policy - - - Enterprise Policy
    • F12 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Models of Trade with Imperfect Competition and Scale Economies; Fragmentation

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