This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

• NEP-ALL-2005-04-16 (All new papers)
• NEP-EVO-2005-04-16 (Evolutionary Economics)

1. Ernst Fehr & Simon Gaechter, . "Fairness and Retaliation: The Economics of Reciprocitys," IEW - Working Papers iewwp040, Institute for Empirical Research in Economics - IEW. [Downloadable!]
   Other versions:
   • Ernst Fehr & Simon Gaechter, 2000. "Fairness and Retaliation: The Economics of Reciprocity," CESifo Working Paper Series CESifo Working Paper No. , CESifo Group Munich. [Downloadable!]
   • Ernst Fehr & Simon Gachter, 2000. "Fairness and Retaliation: The Economics of Reciprocity," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 14(3), pages 159-181, Summer. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
2. Lynn, Michael & Grassman, Andrea, 1990. "Restaurant tipping: an examination of three 'rational' explanations," Journal of Economic Psychology, Elsevier, vol. 11(2), pages 169-181, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
3. Ofer H. Azar, 2003. "Optimal Monitoring with External Incentives: The Case of Tipping," Industrial Organization 0312004, EconWPA. [Downloadable!]
   Other versions:
   • Ofer H. Azar, 2004. "Optimal Monitoring with External Incentives: The Case of Tipping," Southern Economic Journal, Southern Economic Association, vol. 71(1), pages 170-181, July.
4. Ofer H. Azar, 2003. "The implications of tipping for economics and management," Others 0309002, EconWPA. [Downloadable!]
5. Wessels, Walter John, 1997. "Minimum Wages and Tipped Servers," Economic Inquiry, Oxford University Press, vol. 35(2), pages 334-49, April.
6. Dufwenberg, Martin & Kirchsteiger, Georg, 2004. "A theory of sequential reciprocity," Games and Economic Behavior, Elsevier, vol. 47(2), pages 268-298, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
   Other versions:
   • Dufwenberg, M. & Kirchsteiger, G., 1998. "A theory of sequential reciprocity," Discussion Paper 37, Tilburg University, Center for Economic Research. [Downloadable!]
   • Margin Dufwenberg & Georg Kirchsteiger, 2001. "A Theory of Sequential Reciprocity," Levine's Working Paper Archive 563824000000000090, David K. Levine. [Downloadable!]
7. Ofer H. Azar, 2005. "Who do we tip and why? An empirical investigation," Applied Economics, Taylor and Francis Journals, vol. 37(16), pages 1871-1879, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
   Other versions:
   • Ofer H. Azar, 2005. "Who Do We Tip and Why? An Empirical Investigation," Labor and Demography 0502005, EconWPA. [Downloadable!]
8. Ruffle, Bradley J., 1999. "Gift giving with emotions," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 39(4), pages 399-420, July. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
9. Fehr, Ernst & Falk, Armin, 2002. "Psychological Foundations of Incentives," IZA Discussion Papers 507, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA). [Downloadable!]
   Other versions:
   • Ernst Fehr & Armin Falk, . "Psychological Foundations of Incentives," IEW - Working Papers iewwp095, Institute for Empirical Research in Economics - IEW. [Downloadable!]
   • Falk, Armin & Fehr, Ernst, 2002. "Psychological Foundations of Incentives," CEPR Discussion Papers 3185, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
   • Ernst Fehr & Armin Falk, 2002. "Psychological Foundations of Incentives," CESifo Working Paper Series CESifo Working Paper No. , CESifo Group Munich. [Downloadable!]
   • Ernst Fehr, 2003. "Psychological Foundations of Incentives," Microeconomics 0305010, EconWPA. [Downloadable!]
   • Fehr, Ernst & Falk, Armin, 2002. "Psychological foundations of incentives," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 46(4-5), pages 687-724, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
10. Elster, Jon, 1989. "Social Norms and Economic Theory," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 3(4), pages 99-117, Fall. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
11. Conlin, Michael & Lynn, Michael & O'Donoghue, Ted, 2003. "The norm of restaurant tipping," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 52(3), pages 297-321, November. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
12. Kahneman, Daniel & Knetsch, Jack L & Thaler, Richard, 1986. "Fairness as a Constraint on Profit Seeking: Entitlements in the Market," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 76(4), pages 728-41, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
13. Ofer H. Azar, 2005. "Why pay extra? Tipping and the importance of social norms and feelings in economic theory," Microeconomics 0503005, EconWPA. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
    • Azar, Ofer H., 2007. "Why pay extra? Tipping and the importance of social norms and feelings in economic theory," The Journal of Socio-Economics, Elsevier, vol. 36(2), pages 250-265, April. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
14. Azar, Ofer H., 2004. "What sustains social norms and how they evolve?: The case of tipping," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 54(1), pages 49-64, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
    • Ofer H. Azar, 2003. "What sustains social norms and how they evolve? The case of tipping," Others 0309001, EconWPA. [Downloadable!]
15. Ruffle, Bradley J., 1998. "More Is Better, But Fair Is Fair: Tipping in Dictator and Ultimatum Games," Games and Economic Behavior, Elsevier, vol. 23(2), pages 247-265, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)

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1. Ofer Azar, 2008. "Strategic Behavior and Social Norms in Tipped Service Industries," Topics in Economic Analysis & Policy, Berkeley Electronic Press, vol. 8(1), pages 1778-1778. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
2. Ofer H. Azar, 2003. "The Social Norm of Tipping: A Review," Others 0309006, EconWPA. [Downloadable!]
3. Ofer H. Azar, 2005. "Why pay extra? Tipping and the importance of social norms and feelings in economic theory," Microeconomics 0503005, EconWPA. [Downloadable!]
   Other versions:
   • Azar, Ofer H., 2007. "Why pay extra? Tipping and the importance of social norms and feelings in economic theory," The Journal of Socio-Economics, Elsevier, vol. 36(2), pages 250-265, April. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
4. Azar, Ofer H., 2005. "Incentives and Service Quality in the Restaurant Industry: The Tipping – Service Puzzle," MPRA Paper 4457, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 2006. [Downloadable!]
   Other versions:
   • Ofer Azar, 2009. "Incentives and service quality in the restaurant industry: the tipping-service puzzle," Applied Economics, Taylor and Francis Journals, vol. 41(15), pages 1917-1927. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
5. Azar, Ofer H., 2006. "Tipping, firm strategy, and industrial organization," MPRA Paper 4485, University Library of Munich, Germany. [Downloadable!]
6. Azar, Ofer H. & Tobol, Yossi, 2006. "Tipping as a strategic investment in service quality: An optimal-control analysis of repeated interactions in the service industry," MPRA Paper 4393, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 2007. [Downloadable!]
   Other versions:
   • Ofer H. Azar & Yossi Tobol, 2008. "Tipping as a Strategic Investment in Service Quality: An Optimal-Control Analysis of Repeated Interactions in the Service Industry," Southern Economic Journal, Southern Economic Association, vol. 75(1), pages 246-260, October.