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Capital Inflows and Macroeconomic Policy in Sub-Saharan Africa

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Author Info
Louis Kasekende (The Jerome Levy Economics Institute)
Damoni Kitabire (The Jerome Levy Economics Institute)
Matthew Martin (The Jerome Levy Economics Institute)
Abstract

Little has been written about capital flows to sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), largely because of the flows' small size and data limitations. In this working paper, Louis Kasekende, executive director for policy and research at the Bank of Uganda; Damoni Kitabire, commissioner for the Macroeconomic Policy Department for the Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning in Kampala; and Matthew Martin, director of external finance for Africa, explore these inflows, noting that although they are small compared to those into other countries, they are in proportion to the size of the recipient economies. The authors examine the scale and composition of capital inflows, their causes and sustainability, their effect on macroeconomic stability, and their responsiveness to policy measures for six SSA nations: Kenya, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Exhibit 5 shows the change in the composition of private capital flows to SSA nations. Most of the changes are in the same direction as in other developing regions, but the magnitude of the changes in other regions is generally greater than in SSA countries. The absolute size of these changes are, however, still small. For example, portfolio investment was no more than U.S.$120 million per year and foreign direct investment was around U.S.$1.6 billion during the period 1990 to 1993, with foreign direct investment lower in real terms than in the early 1980s. Overall, SSA inflow trends were similar to those in other small countries, with short-term bank loans and foreign direct investment playing a greater role than medium- to long-term loans and portfolio inflows. Kasekende, Kitabire, and Martin identify a number of determinants of recent capital inflows, which they classify as push (external) or pull (internal) factors.

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Paper provided by EconWPA in its series Macroeconomics with number 9809005.

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Length: 43 pages
Date of creation: 10 Sep 1998
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Handle: RePEc:wpa:wuwpma:9809005

Note: Type of Document - Acrobat PDF; prepared on IBM PC; to print on PostScript; pages: 43; figures: included
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E - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics

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  1. Classens, S. & Dooley, M.P. & Warner, A., 1995. "Portfolio Capital Flows: Hot or Cold," Papers 501, Harvard - Institute for International Development.
    Other versions:
  2. Fernandez-Arias, Eduardo & DEC, 1994. "The new wave of private capital inflows : push or pull?," Policy Research Working Paper Series 1312, The World Bank. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  3. Fernandez-Arias, Eduardo & Montiel, Peter J., 1995. "The surge in capital inflows to developing countries : prospects and policy response," Policy Research Working Paper Series 1473, The World Bank. [Downloadable!]
  4. Jeffrey A. Frankel, 1994. "Sterilization of Money Inflows: Difficult (Calvo) or Easy (Reisen)?," IMF Working Papers 94/159, International Monetary Fund.
    Other versions:
  5. Hanson, James A., 1992. "Opening the capital account : a survey of issues and results," Policy Research Working Paper Series 901, The World Bank. [Downloadable!]
  6. Mohsin S. Khan & Carmen Reinhart, 1995. "Capital Flows in the APEC Region," IMF Occasional Papers 122, International Monetary Fund.
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  7. Chuhan, Punam & Claessens, Stijn & Mamingi, Nlandu, 1998. "Equity and bond flows to Latin America and Asia: the role of global and country factors," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 55(2), pages 439-463, April. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  8. Reinhart, Carmen & Asea, Patrick, 1995. "Real interest rate differentials and the real exchange rate: Evidence from four African countries," MPRA Paper 13357, University Library of Munich, Germany. [Downloadable!]
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  10. Ratna Sahay & Guillermo Calvo & Carlos A. Végh Gramont, 1995. "Capital Flows in Central and Eastern Europe: Evidence and Policy Options," IMF Working Papers 95/57, International Monetary Fund.
  11. Bernhard Fischer & Helmut Reisen, 1992. "Towards Capital Account Convertibility," OECD Development Centre Policy Briefs 4, OECD, Development Centre. [Downloadable!]
  12. Reinhart, Carmen M & Reinhart, Vincent R, 1999. "On the Use of Reserve Requirements in Dealing with Capital Flow Problems," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 4(1), pages 27-54, January. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  13. Dadush, Uri & Dhareshwar, Ashok & Johannes, Ron, 1994. "Are private capital flows to developing countries sustainable?," Policy Research Working Paper Series 1397, The World Bank. [Downloadable!]
  14. Elbadawi, Ibrahim A. & Soto, Raimundo, 1994. "Capital flows and long-term equilibrium real exchange rates in Chile," Policy Research Working Paper Series 1306, The World Bank. [Downloadable!]
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