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The Effects of Tag-Mediated Selection of Partners in Evolving Populations Playing the Iterated PrisonerÕs Dilemma

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  • Rick L. Riolo

Abstract

A simple model of tag-mediated partner selection for agents playing the IPD is described. The agents strategies are represented as (i,q,q) triples as in [Nowak and May, 1992]. The tags are represented as arbitrary real numbers in [0,1], and tag selection is biased toward agents with similar tags. Each agent plays a small sample of other agents each generation. The accumulated payoff from those plays is used as a fitness measure by an evolutionary algorithm which creates the next generation of agents. Results show that even simple tag-choice schemes can dramatically change the evolutionary dynamics of populations of individuals playing the IPD. Over a fairly broad range of conditions, populations that use tags attain significantly higher levels of cooperation primarily due to (1) faster initial emergence of reciprocity and 92) more resistance to invasion by mutual defectors. Even when agents use one or two tag-trials (searches) overall cooperation is greatly improved, so that even high cost partner searches may be useful. Preliminary experiments show that under favorable conditions, simple tag-mediated partner selection can lead to the emergence of some reciprocity even when individuals play only one or two rounds in each IPD game.

Suggested Citation

  • Rick L. Riolo, 1997. "The Effects of Tag-Mediated Selection of Partners in Evolving Populations Playing the Iterated PrisonerÕs Dilemma," Working Papers 97-02-016, Santa Fe Institute.
    • Handle: RePEc:wop:safiwp:97-02-016
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Stanley, E. Ann & Ashlock, Dan & Tesfatsion, Leigh, 1993. "Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma with Choice and Refusal of Partners," ISU General Staff Papers 199302010800001028, Iowa State University, Department of Economics.
    2. Robert Hoffmann & Nigel Waring, 1996. "The Localisation of Interaction and Learning in the Repeated Prisoner's Dilemma," Working Papers 96-08-064, Santa Fe Institute.
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    1. Bruce Edmonds, 2006. "The Emergence of Symbiotic Groups Resulting from Skill-Differentiation and Tags," Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation, Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation, vol. 9(1), pages 1-10.
    2. Zhang, Hong & Ye, Hang, 2016. "Role of perception cost in tag-mediated cooperation," Applied Mathematics and Computation, Elsevier, vol. 279(C), pages 76-89.
    3. Zhang, Hong, 2015. "Moderate tolerance promotes tag-mediated cooperation in spatial Prisoner’s dilemma game," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 424(C), pages 52-61.
    4. David Hales & Bruce Edmonds, 2019. "Intragenerational Cultural Evolution and Ethnocentrism," Journal of Conflict Resolution, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 63(5), pages 1283-1309, May.
    5. Michael D. Cohen & Rick L. Riolo & Robert Axelrod, 2001. "The Role Of Social Structure In The Maintenance Of Cooperative Regimes," Rationality and Society, , vol. 13(1), pages 5-32, February.
    6. Lars-Erik Cederman, 2001. "Modeling the Democratic Peace as a Kantian Selection Process," Journal of Conflict Resolution, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 45(4), pages 470-502, August.
    7. Janssen, Marco A., 2008. "Evolution of cooperation in a one-shot Prisoner's Dilemma based on recognition of trustworthy and untrustworthy agents," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 65(3-4), pages 458-471, March.
    8. Zhang, Hong, 2023. "Evolution of cooperation with tag-based expulsion in spatial public goods game," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 174(C).

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