Approximately half of the respondents reported having experienced direct verbal and symbolic aggression, such as harassment and threats, in the 12 months prior to interview. Eighteen percent experienced physical aggression. Analysis of the data suggests that younger women and mothers of young children are more at risk of violence than older women. Education and training seem not to predict risk. Contrary to expectation, women who reported male violence and coercion did not differ significantly in current employment status from those who did not report such aggression.

However, those who reported male violence were more likely to report having been unemployed and to suffer from physical and mental health problems that can affect employability and job performance. They also had lower personal incomes, and were significantly more likely to receive public assistance than women who did not report domestic violence. Women who had experienced male violence reported more problems with depression, anxiety, and anger. Their responses suggest that womenÕs experience of male violence and coercion may influence their labor market experiences over time, rather than at any given moment. More research is needed to determine the complex relationships between abuse and employment.

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Paper provided by Institute for Policy Resarch at Northwestern University in its series IPR working papers with number 97-4.

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1. Audra J. Bowlus & Shannon N. Seitz, 2002. "Domestic Violence, Employment and Divorce," Working Papers 1007, Queen's University, Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
   Other versions:
   • Audra Bowlus & Shannon Seitz, 2005. "Domestic Violence, Employment, and Divorce," Working Papers 1075, Queen's University, Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
   • Audra J. Bowlus & Shannon Seitz, 2006. "Domestic Violence, Employment, And Divorce," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 47(4), pages 1113-1149, November. [Downloadable!] (restricted)

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