Beschäftigungseffekte des österreichischen Osthandels
Abstract
Die sogenannte 'Ostöffnung' des Jahres 1989 hat die österreichische Wirtschaft durch seine unmittelbare Nachbarschaft mit den entwickelsten Transformationsstaaten sehr unmittelbar beeinflußt. Neben einem starken Anstieg des österreichischen Investitionsengagements in den CEEC-6 (Polen, Ungarn, Tschechien, Slowakei, Slowenien, Kroatien) sowie einer im Vergleich zu anderen OECD-Staaten überdurchschnittlichen Betroffenheit von Migrationströmen hatte die Ostöffnung vor allem äußerst positiven Konsequenzen für die österreichische Handelsentwicklung mit Mittel- und Osteuropa. Die völlige Umorientierung der wirtschaftlichen Beziehungen hin zu den westlichen Industrienationen war mit stark positiven Effekten für die österreichische Handelsbilanz verbunden. Die Handelsbilanz mit den CEEC-6 entwickelte sich von einer nahezu ausgeglichenen Bilanz (1988: +1,6 Mrd.S) in einen Exportüberschuß in der Höhe von 18,1 Mrd. S (1994). Obwohl auch einzelne Branchen durch die steigenden Importe stark betroffen waren, so wirkte sich die Handelsentwicklung mit Mittel- und Osteuropa in den vergangenen fünf Jahren zweifelsohne äußerst positiv auf die wirtschaftliche Gesamtentwicklung Österreichs aus. Diese Entwicklung hat auch entsprechend positiv auf die Beschäftigungsentwicklung gewirkt. Durch den Anstieg der Ostexporte konnten in Österreich in der Periode 1989-94 rund 2,900 zusätzliche direkte Beschäftigung induziert werden. Unter Berücksichtigung von indirekten Beschäftigungseffekten in den Vorleistungssektoren sowie von Sekundäreffekten ergibt sich eine Verbesserung der Gesamtbeschäftigung von rund 31,000 unselbständig Beschäftigten. Dem stehen hypothetische Beschäftigungsverluste durch steigende Importe im Ausmaß von 10,000 bis maximal 16,700 unselbständig Beschäftigten gegenüber. Für das Jahr 1994 errechnet sich insgesamt eine induzierte Exportbeschäftigung von 77,800. Die in diesem Jahr induzierte hypothetischen Verdrängungseffekte durch Importe liegt in einer Größenordnung von maximal 54,500. Unter der Annahme, daß lediglich Industriewarenimporte zu einer direkten Beschäftigungsverdrängung führen, beträgt der induzierte Importbeschäftigungs-effekt lediglich 33,800 Beschäftigte. Somit ergibt sich für 1994 ein positiver Beschäftigungssaldo von 44,000 unselbständig Beschäftigten.Download Info
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Paper provided by Vienna University of Economics, Department of Economics in its series Department of Economics Working Papers with number wuwp034.Length:
Date of creation: Jul 1996
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Handle: RePEc:wiw:wiwwuw:wuwp034
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Citations
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