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Downtime in American Manufacturing Industry: 1870 and 1880

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Author Info
Jeremy Atack () (Vanderbilt University, NBER)
Fred Bateman (University of Georgia)

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Abstract

Using unpublished manuscript census data for 1869/70 and 1879/80, we estimate that manufacturing establishments in the mid/late nineteenth century averaged about 10 months of fulltime operation per year; somewhat longer in 1880 fractionally less in 1870. Months of operation, however, varied greatly by industry and systematically by region and size of establishment, with establishments in the South working fewer months and larger establishments working more months. This evidence in turn has broad implications for efforts to measure productivity and for our interpretation of levels and trends in manufacturing profitability.

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File URL: http://www.vanderbilt.edu/econ/wparchive/workpaper/vu00-w48.pdf
File Format: application/pdf
File Function: First version, 2000
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Publisher Info
Paper provided by Department of Economics, Vanderbilt University in its series Working Papers with number 0048.

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Date of creation: Nov 2000
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Handle: RePEc:van:wpaper:0048

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Find related papers by JEL classification:
N61 - Economic History - - Manufacturing and Construction - - - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
N31 - Economic History - - Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Income, and Wealth - - - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
J23 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Demand
J22 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Time Allocation and Labor Supply

References listed on IDEAS
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  1. Margo, Robert A., 1990. "The incidence and duration of unemployment : Some long-term comparisons," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 32(3), pages 217-220, March. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  2. Meyer, David R., 1989. "Midwestern Industrialization and the American Manufacturing Belt in the Nineteenth Century," The Journal of Economic History, Cambridge University Press, vol. 49(04), pages 921-937, December. [Downloadable!]
  3. Sokoloff, Kenneth L., 1984. "Investment in Fixed and Working Capital During Early Industrialization: Evidence from U. S. Manufacturing Firms," The Journal of Economic History, Cambridge University Press, vol. 44(02), pages 545-556, June. [Downloadable!]
  4. Jeremy Atack & Fred Bateman, 1991. "Whom Did Protective Legislation Protect? Evidence From 1880," NBER Historical Working Papers 0033, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  5. Atack, Jeremy & Bateman, Fred, 1992. "How Long Was the Workday in 1880?," The Journal of Economic History, Cambridge University Press, vol. 52(01), pages 129-160, March. [Downloadable!]
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  6. Kenneth L. Sokoloff, 1984. "Investment in Fixed and Working Capital During Early Industrialization: Evidence From U.S. Manufacturing Firms," NBER Working Papers 1385, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  7. Bateman, Fred & Foust, James & Weiss, Thomas, 1975. "Profitability in southern manufacturing: Estimates for 1860," Explorations in Economic History, Elsevier, vol. 12(3), pages 211-231, July. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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