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Wagner’s Law Revisited: Cointegration and Causality tests for New Zealand

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Author Info
Saten Kumar (Department of Business Economics, Auckland University of Technology)
Don J. Webber () (Department of Business Economics, Auckland University of Technology and Department of Economics, UWE, Bristol)
Scott Fargher (Department of Business Economics, Auckland University of Technology)

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Abstract

Wagner’s Law states that the share of government expenditure in GNP will increase with economic development; many associated empirical studies substitute GNP with GDP. This paper presents an empirical investigation into the validity of Wagner’s Law for New Zealand over the period 1960-2007 and compares the results obtained using these two measures of output. Application of the autoregressive distributed lag bounds test suggests a cointegrating relationship between either output measure and the share of government spending, and further application of General to Specific, Engle and Granger, Phillip Hansen’s Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares and Johansen’s time series techniques illustrate statistical robustness and an income elasticity between 0.56 and 0.84. The results suggest that output measures Granger-cause the share of government expenditure in the long run, thereby providing support for Wagner’s Law, and these results are stable irrespective of the chosen output measure.

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File URL: http://carecon.org.uk/DPs/0917.pdf
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File Function: First version, 2009
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Publisher Info
Paper provided by University of the West of England, Department of Economics in its series Discussion Papers with number 0917.

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Length: 11 pages
Date of creation: Sep 2009
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Handle: RePEc:uwe:wpaper:0917

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Web page: http://www.uwe.ac.uk/bbs/acad/econ/econ.shtml
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Related research
Keywords: Government spending; GNP; GDP; Cointegration; Granger causality;

Find related papers by JEL classification:
C22 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions
H50 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - General

This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
  1. Ansari, M I & Gordon, Daniel V & Akuamoah, C, 1997. "Keynes versus Wagner: Public Expenditure and National Income for Three African Countries," Applied Economics, Taylor and Francis Journals, vol. 29(4), pages 543-50, April. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  2. Sinha, Dipendra, 2007. "Does the Wagner’s Law hold for Thailand? A Time Series Study," MPRA Paper 2560, University Library of Munich, Germany. [Downloadable!]
  3. M. Hashem Pesaran & Yongcheol Shin & Richard J. Smith, 2001. "Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 16(3), pages 289-326. [Downloadable!]
  4. Kolluri, Bharat R & Panik, Michael J & Wahab, Mahmoud S, 2000. "Government Expenditure and Economic Growth: Evidence from G7 Countries," Applied Economics, Taylor and Francis Journals, vol. 32(8), pages 1059-68, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  5. Oxley, Les, 1994. "Cointegration, Causality and Wagner's Law: A Test for Britain 1870-1913," Scottish Journal of Political Economy, Scottish Economic Society, vol. 41(3), pages 286-98, August.
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This page was last updated on 2009-11-24.


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