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Choix d’activité des mères et garde des jeunes enfants : une comparaison entre les pays de l’Europe des Quinze à partir des données de l’ECHP

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Author Info
Sabine Chaupain-Guillot
Olivier Guillot
Eliane Jankeliowitch-Laval
Abstract

À partir des données de la vague 7 (2000) de l’European Community Household Panel (ECHP), cet article s’intéresse aux choix d’activité des mères en Europe et à leur décision, lorsqu’elles ont de jeunes enfants à charge, de recourir ou non aux services de garde. L’étude porte sur l’ensemble des États membres de l’UE-15. Après un bref survol des politiques de conciliation entre vie familiale et vie professionnelle mises en oeuvre dans les pays européens et l’exposé de différents résultats descriptifs, les comportements des mères, dans chacun de ces pays, sont analysés à l’aide de deux modèles Logit polytomiques (non ordonnés). Le premier modèle se focalise sur la décision d’offre de travail (une distinction étant introduite entre activité à temps partiel et activité à temps complet). Dans le second modèle, on oppose les trois situations suivantes : (1) non-emploi ; (2) emploi et garde intra-ménage ou non rémunérée ; (3) emploi et garde rémunérée. Les résultats des estimations montrent que l’ampleur des effets des principaux facteurs pris en compte (taux de salaire, niveau de rémunération du conjoint, nombre d’enfants à charge et âge du plus jeune enfant) varie assez fortement selon les pays. S’agissant de l’impact de la présence d’un enfant de moins de 3 ans sur la probabilité d’emploi des mères, les différences observées semblent pouvoir s’expliquer en partie par les caractéristiques des dispositifs de conciliation entre vie familiale et vie professionnelle.

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Paper provided by Bureau d'Economie Théorique et Appliquée, ULP, Strasbourg in its series Working Papers of BETA with number 2008-03.

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Date of creation: 2008
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Handle: RePEc:ulp:sbbeta:2008-03

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Related research
Keywords: activité féminine; travail à temps partiel; garde des jeunes enfants; Union européenne.;

Find related papers by JEL classification:
J22 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Time Allocation and Labor Supply
J13 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth

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  1. Small, Kenneth A & Hsiao, Cheng, 1985. "Multinomial Logit Specification Tests," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 26(3), pages 619-27, October. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  2. Heckman, James J, 1979. "Sample Selection Bias as a Specification Error," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 47(1), pages 153-61, January. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  3. Karen Mumford & Antonia Parera-Nicolau, . "The Labor Force Participation of Married Mothers in Spain and Britain," Discussion Papers 01/10, Department of Economics, University of York. [Downloadable!]
  4. Muehlberger, Ulrike, 2000. "Women's Labour Force Attachment in Europe: An Analytical Framework and Empirical Evidence for the Household," IRISS Working Paper Series 2000-07, IRISS at CEPS/INSTEAD. [Downloadable!]
  5. Daniela Del Boca & Silvia Pasqua, 2005. "Social Policies and Employment of Married Women in Europe," CHILD Working Papers wp19_05, CHILD - Centre for Household, Income, Labour and Demographic economics - ITALY. [Downloadable!]
  6. Hausman, Jerry & McFadden, Daniel, 1984. "Specification Tests for the Multinomial Logit Model," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 52(5), pages 1219-40, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  7. Alfredo Ariza & Sara de la Rica & Arantza Ugidos, 2003. "The effect of flexibility in working hours on fertility: A comparative analysis," DFAEII Working Papers 200308, University of the Basque Country - Department of Foundations of Economic Analysis II. [Downloadable!]
  8. Jérôme de Henau & Danièle Meulders & Sile O'Dorchai, 2006. "The comparative effectiveness of public policies to fight motherhood-induced employment penalties and decreasing fertility in the former eu-15," Working Papers DULBEA 06-02.RS, Université libre de Bruxelles, Department of Applied Economics (DULBEA). [Downloadable!]
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