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Eficiencia técnica y apertura comercial en cuatro ramas industriales

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Ruben Tansini
Patricia Triunfo

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Abstract

En este trabajo se analiza del desarrollo de la eficiencia técnica de las empresas pertenecientes a cuatro ramas del sector industrial uruguayo: 3111 (Matanza y Preparación de Carnes y Aves), 3521 (Pinturas, Barnices y Lacas), 3522 (Productos Farmacéuticos y Medicamentos) y 3523 (Artículos de Limpieza y Tocador). La modelización de la Función de Frontera se hace con tecnología Translogarítmica incluyendo la restricción de Cambio Técnico Neutral, excepto para la rama 3521 en la que se permite sesgo en la utilización de los factores. El análisis de esos parámetros permite identificar que el sesgo del cambio técnico en esa rama en la Función de Frontera es utilizador de Capital y ahorrador de Mano de Obra. En la modelización de la Función de Frontera, además de los parámetros correspondientes a la formulación translogarítmica se incorporó la modelización del efecto de variables específicas correspondientes a la empresa y a la rama para identificar la incidencia de los mismos sobre el nivel de eficiencia de las empresas. Se puede concluir que la modelización que incluye la ineficiencia técnica es adecuada para las cuatro ramas consideradas, así como la inclusión de variables que representan características de las empresas que pueden influir el nivel de eficiencia de las mismas en cada rama. Los niveles promedio de eficiencia se incrementan al final del período 1988-1994 en dos ramas industriales (3521 y 3523) mientras se mantiene estable en la 3111 y decrece en la 3522. Asimismo, en las cuatro ramas analizadas se encontró que las empresas con participación de capital extranjero y creciente proporción de las ventas del mercado local, presentan niveles de eficiencia promedio más elevados. Ello se incrementa con la competencia de importados en el consumo de bienes de la rama industrial a la que pertenece la empresa. Sin embargo, la propensión a exportar de las empresas evidenció un efecto negativo en el nivel de eficiencia promedio de las empresas en tres de las cuatro ramas consideradas.

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Paper provided by Department of Economics - dECON in its series Documentos de Trabajo (working papers) with number 0998.

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Length: 20 pages
Date of creation: Dec 1998
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Handle: RePEc:ude:wpaper:0998

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Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
  1. Forsund, Finn R. & Lovell, C. A. Knox & Schmidt, Peter, 1980. "A survey of frontier production functions and of their relationship to efficiency measurement," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 13(1), pages 5-25, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  4. Jondrow, James & Knox Lovell, C. A. & Materov, Ivan S. & Schmidt, Peter, 1982. "On the estimation of technical inefficiency in the stochastic frontier production function model," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 19(2-3), pages 233-238, August. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  5. Battese, G E & Coelli, T J, 1995. "A Model for Technical Inefficiency Effects in a Stochastic Frontier Production Function for Panel Data," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 20(2), pages 325-32.
  6. Battese, George E. & Corra, Greg. S., 1977. "Estimation Of A Production Frontier Model: With Application To The Pastoral Zone Of Eastern Australia," Australian Journal of Agricultural Economics, Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society, vol. 21(03), December. [Downloadable!]
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  9. Meeusen, Wim & van den Broeck, Julien, 1977. "Efficiency Estimation from Cobb-Douglas Production Functions with Composed Error," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 18(2), pages 435-44, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  10. Ari Kokko & Ruben Tansini & Mario Zejan, 1994. "Productivity spillovers from FDI in the Uruguayan manufacturing sector," Documentos de Trabajo (working papers) 0194, Department of Economics - dECON. [Downloadable!]
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  11. Dani Rodrik, 1988. "Closing the Technology Gap: Does Trade Liberalization Really Help?," NBER Working Papers 2654, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  12. Ruben Tansini & Patricia Triunfo, 1998. "Eficiencia técnica y apertura externa en el sector manufacturero uruguayo," Documentos de Trabajo (working papers) 0498, Department of Economics - dECON. [Downloadable!]
  13. Caves, Richard E., 1989. "International differences in industrial organization," Handbook of Industrial Organization, in: R. Schmalensee & R. Willig (ed.), Handbook of Industrial Organization, edition 1, volume 2, chapter 21, pages 1225-1250 Elsevier. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  14. Pack, Howard, 1988. "Industrialization and trade," Handbook of Development Economics, in: Hollis Chenery† & T.N. Srinivasan (ed.), Handbook of Development Economics, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 9, pages 333-380 Elsevier. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  15. Pitt, Mark M. & Lee, Lung-Fei, 1981. "The measurement and sources of technical inefficiency in the Indonesian weaving industry," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 9(1), pages 43-64, August. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  1. Adriana Cassoni, 1999. "The wage elasticity of labour demand in the Uruguayan manufacturing sector after re-unionisation: new results," Documentos de Trabajo (working papers) 1499, Department of Economics - dECON. [Downloadable!]
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