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Non-Violent Opposition to Peace Processes: Northern Ireland's Serial Spoilers

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  • Christopher Farrington

    (School of Politics and International Relations, University College Dublin)

Abstract

This articleargues the crucialstage to the success or failure of a peace agreement is the implementation stagebecause it is at this stagethat the agreement becomes subject to politicalforces which havenot been involved in the negotiation process.It builds on Frensley’sresearch (1998)that the post-negotiation ratification process is a determinant of the success of failure of an agreement bypositinga more dynamic theory.Itargues that the roleof elites in shapingthe preferences of their constituencyneeds to be factored into the analysis of the ratification process and that the position of parties in a democratic frameworkis important in shapingtheir strategies.It builds on Stedman’sresearch on spoilers to argue that non-violent democratic spoilers pose a particular difficultyfor peace agreements and uses evidence from Northern Ireland to show how non-violent spoilers have been the main determinant for the failure of both the Belfast Agreement of 1998and the Sunningdaleexperiment of 1973– 4.

Suggested Citation

  • Christopher Farrington, 2006. "Non-Violent Opposition to Peace Processes: Northern Ireland's Serial Spoilers," Working Papers 200605, Geary Institute, University College Dublin.
    • Handle: RePEc:ucd:wpaper:200605
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Courtney Jung & Ellen Lust-Okar & Ian Shapiro, 2005. "Problems and Prospects for Democratic Settlements: South Africa as a Model for the Middle East and Northern Ireland?," Politics & Society, , vol. 33(2), pages 277-326, June.
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    3. Hartzell, Caroline & Hoddie, Matthew & Rothchild, Donald, 2001. "Stabilizing the Peace After Civil War: An Investigation of Some Key Variables," International Organization, Cambridge University Press, vol. 55(1), pages 183-208, January.
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    7. Nathalie J. Frensley, 1998. "Ratification Processes and Conflict Termination," Journal of Peace Research, Peace Research Institute Oslo, vol. 35(2), pages 167-191, March.
    8. Jacob Shamir & Khalil Shikaki, 2005. "Public Opinion in the Israeli-Palestinian Two-Level Game," Journal of Peace Research, Peace Research Institute Oslo, vol. 42(3), pages 311-328, May.
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