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Teenage Employment and the Spatial Isolation of Minority and Poverty Households

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Author Info
Katherine M. O'Regan and John M. Quigley.

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Abstract

I Introduction II Data and Measurement III Empirical Methods IV Results V Implications and Conclusions Using micro data from the US Census, this paper tests the importance of the spatial isolation of minority and poverty households for youth employment in the largest US metropolitan areas. We first estimate a model relating youth employment probabilities to individual and family characteristics, race, and metropolitan location. We then investigate the determinants of the systematic differences in employment probabilities by race and metropolitan area. We find that a substantial fraction of differences in youth employment can be attributed to the isolation of minorities and poor households. Minority youth residing in cities in which minorities are more segregated or in which minorities have less contact with non-poor households have lower employment probabilities than otherwise identical youth living in similar but less segregated metropolitan areas. Simulations suggest that the magnitude of these spatial effects is not small. It may explain a substantial fraction of the existing differences in youth employment rates for white, black and hispanic youth.

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Paper provided by University of California at Berkeley in its series Economics Working Papers with number 95-239.

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Date of creation: 01 Jul 1995
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Handle: RePEc:ucb:calbwp:95-239

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  1. David M. Frankel, 2004. "Was the Late 19th Century a Golden Age of Racial Integration?," Econometric Society 2004 North American Summer Meetings 167, Econometric Society. [Downloadable!]
  2. Futoshi Yamauchi & Sakiko Tanabe, 2008. "Nonmarket networks among migrants: evidence from metropolitan Bangkok, Thailand," Journal of Population Economics, Springer, vol. 21(3), pages 649-664, July. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  3. Giorgio Topa & Stephen Ross & Patrick Bayer, 2005. "Place of Work and Place of Residence: Informal Hiring Networks and Labor Market Outcomes," Working Papers 05-23, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau. [Downloadable!]
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  4. Quigley, John M, 1998. "Urban Diversity and Economic Growth," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 12(2), pages 127-38, Spring. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  5. Patrick Bayer & Robert McMillan, 2005. "Racial Sorting and Neighborhood Quality," NBER Working Papers 11813, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  6. Katherine M. O'Regan & John M. Quigley, 1998. "Spatial Effects upon Employment Outcomes: The Case of New Jersey Teenagers," HEW 9803001, EconWPA. [Downloadable!]
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  7. Rulof Burger & Rachel Jafta, 2006. "Returns to Race: Labour Market Discrimination in Post-Apartheid South Africa," Working Papers 04/2006, Stellenbosch University, Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
  8. Kling, Jeffrey & Liebman, Jeffrey, 2004. "Experimental Analysis of Neighborhood Effects on Youth," Working Paper Series rwp04-034, Harvard University, John F. Kennedy School of Government. [Downloadable!]
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  9. Lingxin Hao & Nan M. Astone & Andrew Cherlin, 2001. "Adolescents' School Enrollment and Employment:Effect of State Welfare Policies," JCPR Working Papers 232, Northwestern University/University of Chicago Joint Center for Poverty Research.
  10. David M. Cutler & Edward L. Glaeser & Jacob L. Vigdor, 1997. "The Rise and Decline of the American Ghetto," NBER Working Papers 5881, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  11. Patrick Bayer & Stephen L. Ross, 2006. "Identifying Individual and Group Effects in the Presence of Sorting: A Neighborhood Effects Application," Working papers 2006-13, University of Connecticut, Department of Economics, revised Jan 2009. [Downloadable!]
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  12. John C. Ham, 1979. "Rationing and the Supply of Labor: An Econometric Approach," Working Papers 483, Princeton University, Department of Economics, Industrial Relations Section.. [Downloadable!]
  13. Yamauchi, Futoshi & Tanabe, Sakiko, 2003. "Nonmarket networks among migrants," FCND discussion papers 169, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). [Downloadable!]
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  14. Stephen L. Ross & George C. Galster, 2005. "Fair Housing Enforcement and Changes in Discrimination between 1989 and 2000: An Exploratory Study," Working papers 2005-16, University of Connecticut, Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
  15. Katherine O'Regan & John Quigley, 2006. "Accessibility and Economic Opportunity," Berkeley Program on Housing and Urban Policy, Working Paper Series 1003, Berkeley Program on Housing and Urban Policy. [Downloadable!]
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  16. David M. Cutler & Edward L. Glaeser, 1995. "Are Ghettos Good or Bad?," NBER Working Papers 5163, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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