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Eine panelökonometrische Überprüfung der ökonomischen Theorie der Kriminalität mit deutschen Bundesländerdaten

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Author Info
Hannes Spengler () (Institut für Volkswirtschaftslehre (Department of Economics), Technische Universität Darmstadt (Darmstadt University of Technology))

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Abstract

Gemäß der klassischen ökonomischen Theorie der Kriminalität sollte ein Anstieg der erwarteten Strafe (also des Produktes aus Strafwahrscheinlichkeit und Strafmaß) eine Reduktion der Kriminalität bewirken. In der empirischen Analyse gestaltet sich ein Test dieser überschaubar anmutenden Hypothese als äußerst komplex. "Kriminalität" gliedert sich in eine Vielzahl von Deliktgruppen und die Operationalisierung von "Strafwahrscheinlichkeit" durchläuft im rechtsstaatlichen System die Handlungen und Entscheidungen der Institutionen "Polizei", "Staatsanwaltschaft" und "Gericht" und variiert in den Zahlen zu Aufklärungs-, Anklage- und Verurteilungsquoten sowie in Entscheidungen über Geld-, Haft- und Bewährungsstrafen. Ferner ist es entscheidend, ob eine Verurteilung nach allgemeinem Strafrecht oder nach Jugendstrafrecht erfolgt. Üblicherweise wird in der empirischen Kriminalitätsforschung immer nur ein Teil dieser Zusammenhänge gleichzeitig berücksichtigt. Mit der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es gelungen, dieses Defizit unter Verwendung einer aus Bundesländerdaten des Zeitraums 1977-2001 der polizeilichen Kriminalstatistik und der Strafverfolgungsstatistik aufgebauten Datenbank zu überwinden. Auf Grundlage dieser Datenbank wird ein umfassendes System von Strafverfolgungsindikatoren entwickelt, das sodann unter Verwendung panelökonometrischer Schätzverfahren in Beziehung zum Kriminalitätsaufkommen von sechs wichtigen Deliktgruppen gesetzt wird. Das Ergebnis, dass zumeist negativ signifikante Effekte für die Aufklärungs- und Verurteilungsquote aber zumeist nur insignifikante Koeffizienten für die Indikatoren von Strafart und -höhe gefunden werden, legt nahe, dass insbesondere von den frühen Stufen des Strafverfolgungsprozesses eine abschreckende Wirkung entfaltet wird. Die ermittelten Effektstärken werden schließlich dazu genutzt, die opferspezifische Schadensreduktion einer Verschärfung des Strafverfolgungsprozesses abzuschätzen. Demnach würde eine permanente Erhöhung aller Indikatoren um 10% zu einem jährlichen Rückgang der Opferkosten von mindestens 250 Millionen € führen.

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Publisher Info
Paper provided by Institut für Volkswirtschaftslehre (Department of Economics), Technische Universität Darmstadt (Darmstadt University of Technology) in its series Darmstadt Discussion Papers in Economics with number 150.

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Length: 52 pages
Date of creation: Oct 2005
Date of revision: Jan 2006
Handle: RePEc:tud:ddpiec:150

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Related research
Keywords: Empirische Kriminalitätsforschung; Ökonometrie; Ökonomische Theorie der Kriminalität; Strafe; Strafverfolgung; Generalprävention; Abschreckung; Diversion; Paneldaten; Integration; IV-Schätzung; Nickel Bias; Ratio Bias; Kosten der Kriminalität; Kosten- Nutzen-Analyse; Kriminalprävention;

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Find related papers by JEL classification:
K42 - Law and Economics - - Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior - - - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
K14 - Law and Economics - - Basic Areas of Law - - - Criminal Law
H73 - Public Economics - - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations - - - Interjurisdictional Differentials and Their Effects

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