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L'effet de levier financier des entreprises : une comparaison entre le Canada et les É.-U., 1961-1996

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Zyblock, Miles
Abstract

Des études récentes ont montré que les compagnies dont le ratio emprunts/capitaux propres est relativement élevé manifestent une plus grande variabilité pour ce qui est des investissements et de la main-d'oeuvre. D'autres études maintiennent qu'un effet de levier financier élevé dans le monde des entreprises est associé à une instabilité macro-économique. Le présent exposé décrit et compare l'effet de levier financier global des entreprises au Canada et aux États-Unis de 1961 à 1996. Le levier financier a augmenté de presque 50 % dans les deux pays et la plus grande partie de cette augmentation peut être attribuée à un recours accru à des instruments d'emprunt à court terme. L'ampleur de l'augmentation est semblable dans les deux pays, mais la période d'accroissement principale est différente dans chaque cas.L'effet de levier des entreprises canadiennes a surtout augmenté entre 1974 et 1983, c'est-à-dire durant une période associée à de faibles taux d'intérêt réels et à une croissance rapide des capitaux dans l'Ouest du pays. Pour ce qui est des entreprises américaines, l'effet de levier s'est surtout accru entre 1982 et 1990. Au cours de cette période, les compagnies américaines ont subi une restructuration financière massive, l'acquisition de capitaux propres en circulation se faisant à l'aide d'emprunts. Cette période a également été marquée par un accroissement du nombre et de la valeur des acquisitions par emprunt aux É.-U., entraînant un effet de levier financier encore plus élevé.

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File URL: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/bsolc/olc-cel/olc-cel?catno=11F0019M1997111&lang=fra
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Paper provided by Statistics Canada, Direction des études analytiques in its series Direction des études analytiques : documents de recherche with number 1997111f.

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Date of creation: 11 Dec 1997
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Handle: RePEc:stc:stcp3f:1997111f

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Keywords: Rendement des entreprises et appartenance; États financiers et rendement; Adaptation et ajustement des entreprises;

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  8. Pruitt, Stephen W & Gitman, Lawrence J, 1991. "The Interactions between the Investment, Financing, and Dividend Decisions of Major U.S. Firms," The Financial Review, Eastern Finance Association, vol. 26(3), pages 409-30, August.
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  11. Pauline M. Shum, 1996. "Taxes and Corporate Debt Policy in Canada: An Empirical Investigation," Canadian Journal of Economics, Canadian Economics Association, vol. 29(3), pages 556-72, August. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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