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Localisation, globalisation, et action publique

Author

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  • Jean-Luc Gaffard

    (Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques)

Abstract

Dans un monde globalisé, les entreprises sont incitées à modifier la localisation de leurs activités pour tirer parti des avantages différenciés des nombreux territoires éligibles. Les collectivités publiques aux différents échelons territoriaux sont engagées, de leur côté, dans des actions susceptibles d’accroître leur attractivité. Pourtant, il serait dangereux de percevoir les territoires comme simplement concurrents entre eux pour capter des parts de marché sur le marché des localisations d’entreprises sur la base d’avantages génériques. Le développement des territoires est, certes, dépendant des avantages locaux dont bénéficient les entreprises, mais aussi de l’articulation des territoires entre eux, qui sont, certes en concurrence, mais une concurrence aux dimensions multiples qui peut être bénéfique à chacun. La question posée n’est pas tant alors celle de dénombrer les avantages de la proximité que de montrer en quoi et comment la performance des territoires dépend à la fois de l’agglomération d’activités et de la globalisation des échanges dans un contexte de restructuration permanente. L’objectif de l’action publique est moins d’agir sur des avantages directs de coûts pour les entreprises que de contribuer à un fonctionnement cohérent des marchés et au développement des coopérations entre acteurs de l’innovation dans un environnement ouvert. L’efficacité de cette action est subordonnée à la taille du périmètre géographique concerné et/ou au degré de coopération existant entre les différentes régions. L’évolution d’une politique visant au développement de technopoles vers une politique de pôle de compétitivité est significative de cette exigence.

Suggested Citation

  • Jean-Luc Gaffard, 2008. "Localisation, globalisation, et action publique," Sciences Po publications info:hdl:2441/6442, Sciences Po.
  • Handle: RePEc:spo:wpmain:info:hdl:2441/6442
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Destruction créatrice; Localisation; Performance; Stabilité;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • R11 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes
    • R12 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity; Interregional Trade (economic geography)
    • R58 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Regional Government Analysis - - - Regional Development Planning and Policy

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