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Relation between Bid-Ask Spread, Impact and Volatility in Double Auction Markets

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Author Info
Matthieu Wyart (CEA Saclay;)
Jean-Philippe Bouchaud (Science & Finance, Capital Fund Management, CEA Saclay;)
Julien Kockelkoren (Capital Fund Management)
Marc Potters (Science & Finance, Capital Fund Management)
Michele Vettorazzo

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Abstract

We argue that on electronic markets, limit and market orders should have equal effective costs on average. This symmetry implies a linear relation between the bid-ask spread and the average impact of market orders. Our empirical observations on different markets are consistent with this hypothesis. We then use this relation to justify a simple, and hitherto unnoticed, proportionality relation between the spread and the volatility_per trade_. We provide convincing empirical evidence for this relation. This suggests that the main determinant of the bid-ask spread is adverse selection, if one considers that the volatility per trade is a measure of the amount of `information' included in prices at each transaction. Symmetry between market and limit orders stems from the self-organization of liquidity in electronic markets. Our results appear to hold approximately on liquid specialist markets as well, although the spread is significantly larger.

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Paper provided by Science & Finance, Capital Fund Management in its series Science & Finance (CFM) working paper archive with number 500067.

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Date of creation: Mar 2006
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Handle: RePEc:sfi:sfiwpa:500067

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Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
  1. Glosten, Lawrence R, 1987. " Components of the Bid-Ask Spread and the Statistical Properties of Transaction Prices," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 42(5), pages 1293-1307, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  2. Jean-Philippe Bouchaud & Julien Kockelkoren & Marc Potters, 2004. "Random walks, liquidity molasses and critical response in financial markets," Science & Finance (CFM) working paper archive 500063, Science & Finance, Capital Fund Management. [Downloadable!]
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  3. Hasbrouck, Joel, 1991. " Measuring the Information Content of Stock Trades," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 46(1), pages 179-207, March. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  4. Thierry Foucault & Ohad Kadan & Eugene Kandel, 2003. "Limit Order Book as a Market for Liquidity," Discussion Paper Series dp321, Center for Rationality and Interactive Decision Theory, Hebrew University, Jerusalem. [Downloadable!]
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  5. Madhavan, Ananth, 2000. "Market microstructure: A survey," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 3(3), pages 205-258, August. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  6. Bessembinder, Hendrik, 1994. "Bid-ask spreads in the interbank foreign exchange markets," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 35(3), pages 317-348, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  7. Martin D. D. Evans & Richard K. Lyons, 2002. "Order Flow and Exchange Rate Dynamics," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 110(1), pages 170-180, February. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  8. Ananth Madhavan & Matthew Richardson & Mark Roomans, 1996. "Why Do Security Prices Change? A Transaction-Level Analysis of NYSE Stocks," New York University, Leonard N. Stern School Finance Department Working Paper Seires 96-34, New York University, Leonard N. Stern School of Business-.
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  9. Foucault, Thierry, 1999. "Order flow composition and trading costs in a dynamic limit order market1," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 2(2), pages 99-134, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  10. Huang, Roger D & Stoll, Hans R, 1997. "The Components of the Bid-Ask Spread: A General Approach," Review of Financial Studies, Oxford University Press for Society for Financial Studies, vol. 10(4), pages 995-1034.
  11. Kyle, Albert S, 1985. "Continuous Auctions and Insider Trading," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 53(6), pages 1315-35, November. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  12. Tarun Chordia & Lakshmanan Shivakumar & Avanidhar Subrahmanyam, 2004. "Liquidity Dynamics Across Small and Large Firms," Economic Notes, Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena SpA, vol. 33(1), pages 111-143, 02. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  13. Jean-Philippe Bouchaud & Marc Mezard & Marc Potters, 2002. "Statistical properties of stock order books: empirical results and models," Science & Finance (CFM) working paper archive 0203511, Science & Finance, Capital Fund Management. [Downloadable!]
  14. Vasiliki Plerou & Parameswaran Gopikrishnan & Xavier Gabaix & H. Eugene Stanley, 2001. "Quantifying Stock Price Response to Demand Fluctuations," Quantitative Finance Papers cond-mat/0106657, arXiv.org. [Downloadable!]
  15. Lawrence R. Glosten & Paul R. Milgrom, 1983. "Bid, Ask and Transaction Prices in a Specialist Market with Heterogeneously Informed Traders," Discussion Papers 570, Northwestern University, Center for Mathematical Studies in Economics and Management Science. [Downloadable!]
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  16. J. Doyne Farmer & Laszlo Gillemot & Fabrizio Lillo & Szabolcs Mike & Anindya Sen, 2003. "What really causes large price changes?," Quantitative Finance Papers cond-mat/0312703, arXiv.org, revised Apr 2004. [Downloadable!]
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(explanations, Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.)

  1. Damien Challet, 2007. "Feedback and efficiency in limit order markets," Quantitative Finance Papers 0709.3005, arXiv.org, revised Sep 2007. [Downloadable!]
  2. Gilles Zumbach, 2007. "Time reversal invariance in finance," Quantitative Finance Papers 0708.4022, arXiv.org. [Downloadable!]
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