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Monetary Policy with Imperfect Knowledge

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Author Info
Athanasios Orphanides amd John Williams

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Abstract

This paper studies the formulation of monetary policy in a changing environment when knowledge regarding some aspects of the structure of the economy is imperfect and an adaptive learning technology is available to the policymaker and economic agents. As a benchmark, we develop a simple model of the economy and identify efficient monetary policy rules under the assumptions that knowledge of the economy is perfect and expectations are formed rationally. We then relax the assumption of rational expectations and examine the design of policy when agents and/or the policymaker must rely on adaptive learning to form expectations. We show that policies that are efficient under rational expectations are no longer efficient under imperfect knowledge, and, conversely, that efficient policies under imperfect knowledge would appear inefficient to the outside observer who assumed perfect knowledge. Using these results, we discuss the role of imperfect knowledge on the evolution of monetary policy in the United States over the past twenty years.

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Publisher Info
Paper provided by Society for Computational Economics in its series Computing in Economics and Finance 2001 with number 254.

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Date of creation: 01 Apr 2001
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Handle: RePEc:sce:scecf1:254

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Related research
Keywords: monetary policy; learning; rational expectations; optimal control; nflation targeting; policy rules; expectation formation;

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Find related papers by JEL classification:
E52 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Monetary Policy

References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:

  1. Mccallum, Bennet T., 1988. "Robustness properties of a rule for monetary policy," Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy, Elsevier, vol. 29(1), pages 173-203, January. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  2. Orphanides, Athanasios & Williams, John C, 2006. "Inflation Targeting under Imperfect Knowledge," CEPR Discussion Papers 5664, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  3. Athanasios Orphanides & John C. Williams, 2003. "Imperfect Knowledge, Inflation Expectations, and Monetary Policy," NBER Working Papers 9884, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  4. Athanasios Orphanides & John C. Williams, 2002. "Robust monetary policy rules with unknown natural rates," Working Papers in Applied Economic Theory 2003-01, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco. [Downloadable!]
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  5. Orphanides, Athanasios & Williams, John C., 2005. "The decline of activist stabilization policy: Natural rate misperceptions, learning, and expectations," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 29(11), pages 1927-1950, November. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  6. John C. Williams, 2005. "Robust estimation and monetary policy with unobserved structural change," Proceedings, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.), pages 53-81. [Downloadable!]
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  7. Athanasios Orphanides & John C. Williams, 2003. "Inflation scares and forecast-based monetary policy," Working Paper 2003-21, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
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Cited by:
(explanations, Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.)

  1. Orphanides, Athanasios & Williams, John C, 2006. "Inflation Targeting under Imperfect Knowledge," CEPR Discussion Papers 5664, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  2. Olivier Coibion & Yuriy Gorodnichenko, 2008. "Monetary Policy, Trend Inflation and the Great Moderation: An Alternative Interpretation," NBER Working Papers 14621, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  3. Volker Wieland, 2008. "Learning, Endogenous Indexation and Disinflation in the New-Keynesian Model," CFS Working Paper Series 2008/17, Center for Financial Studies. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  4. Rochelle M. Edge & Thomas Laubach & John C. Williams, 2007. "Welfare-maximizing monetary policy under parameter uncertainty," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2007-56, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.). [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  5. John C. Williams, 2006. "Monetary policy in a low inflation economy with learning," Working Paper Series 2006-30, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco. [Downloadable!]
  6. George W. Evans & Bruce McGough, 2005. "Optimal Constrained Interest-rate Rules," University of Oregon Economics Department Working Papers 2005-9, University of Oregon Economics Department, revised 31 May 2006. [Downloadable!]
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  7. Mandler, Martin, 2006. "Are there gains from including monetary aggregates and stock market indices in the monetary policy reaction function? A simulation study of recent U.S. monetary policy," MPRA Paper 2318, University Library of Munich, Germany. [Downloadable!]
  8. Yu-chin Chen & Pisut Kulthanavit, 2007. "Adaptive Learning and Monetary Policy: Lessons from Japan," Working Papers UWEC-2008-12, University of Washington, Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
  9. Vitor Gaspar & Frank Smets & David Vestin, 2006. "Adaptive learning, persistence, and optimal monetary policy," Working Paper Series 644, European Central Bank. [Downloadable!]
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  10. Athanasios Orphanides & John C. Williams, 2008. "Learning, Expectations Formation, And The Pitfalls Of Optimal Control Monetary Policy," CAMA Working Papers 2008-17, Australian National University, Centre for Applied Macroeconomic Analysis. [Downloadable!]
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  11. Keiko Honjo & Ben Hunt, 2006. "Stabilizing Inflation in Iceland," IMF Working Papers 06/262, International Monetary Fund. [Downloadable!]
  12. Alan S. Blinder & Ricardo Reis, 2005. "Understanding the Greenspan standard," Proceedings, Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, issue Aug, pages 11-96. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
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