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Dodging the Grabbing Hand: The Determinants of Unofficial Activity in 69

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Author Info
Eric Friedman () (Rutgers University)
Simon Johnson () (MIT)
Daniel Kaufmann (The World Bank)
Pablo Zoido-Lobaton (The World Bank)

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Abstract

Across 69 countries, higher tax rates are associated with less unofficial activity as a percent of GDP but corruption is associated with more unofficial activity. Entrepreneurs go underground not to avoid official taxes but to reduce the burden of bureaucracy and corruption. Dodging the "Grabbing Hand" in this way reduces tax revenues as a percent of both official and total GDP. As a result, corrupt governments become small governments and only relatively uncorrupt governments can sustain high tax rates.

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Publisher Info
Paper provided by Rutgers University, Department of Economics in its series Departmental Working Papers with number 199921.

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Date of creation: 12 Oct 1999
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Handle: RePEc:rut:rutres:199921

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Keywords: corporate governance; corruption; tax rates; unofficial activity;

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  1. Mark Schaffer & Gerard Turley, 2000. "Effective versus Statutory Taxation: Measuring Effective Tax Administration in Transition Economies," CERT Discussion Papers 0008, Centre for Economic Reform and Transformation, Heriot Watt University. [Downloadable!]
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  2. Loayza, Norman V. & Rigolini, Jamele, 2006. "Informality trends and cycles," Policy Research Working Paper Series 4078, The World Bank. [Downloadable!]
  3. Friedrich Schneider & Christina Burger, 2004. "Formal and informal labour markets: Challenges and policy in the Central and Eastern European new EU members and candidate countries," Economics working papers 2004-05, Department of Economics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria. [Downloadable!]
  4. Friedrich Schneider, 2000. "Illegal Activities, but Still Value Added Ones (?): Size, Causes, and Measurement of the Shadow Economies all over the World," CESifo Working Paper Series CESifo Working Paper No. , CESifo Group Munich. [Downloadable!]
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  5. Reyes Calderon Cuadrado, 2005. "Corruption: A Corporate Perspective," Faculty Working Papers 11/05, School of Economics and Business Administration, University of Navarra. [Downloadable!]
  6. Rashmi Banga, 2003. "Impact of government policies and investment agreements on FDI inflows," Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations, New Delhi Working Papers 116, Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations, New Delhi, India. [Downloadable!]
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