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The transmission of unconventional monetary policy to bank credit supply: evidence from the TLTRO

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  • Joana Sousa Leite
  • António Afonso

Abstract

We assess the transmission of the Targeted Longer-Term Refinancing Operations (TLTRO) to the bank credit supply for the Euro area (2014:05-2018:01) and for Portugal (2011:01-2018:01), using a panel data setup. For the Euro area, we find a positive relationship between the TLTRO and the amount of credit granted to the real economy. For the vulnerable countries, the effects of the TLTRO on the stock of credit increased from 2016 to 2017. Among the group of small banks, the effects are stronger in less vulnerable countries. We also find that competition has no statistically significant impact on the transmission of the TLTRO to the bank credit supply for the Euro area. For Portugal, using a difference-in-differences model, we find no statistically significant impact of the TLTRO on credit granted by banks. Finally, bidding banks set lower interest rates than non-bidding banks and the difference seems to be larger in 2017. In Portugal, the effects of the TLTRO on loan interest rates also increased from 2016 to 2017 and are stronger for small banks.

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  • Joana Sousa Leite & António Afonso, 2019. "The transmission of unconventional monetary policy to bank credit supply: evidence from the TLTRO," Working Papers w201901, Banco de Portugal, Economics and Research Department.
    • Handle: RePEc:ptu:wpaper:w201901
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    3. António Afonso & Nuno Verdial, 2019. "Sovereign debt crisis in Portugal and in Spain," Working Papers REM 2019/0112, ISEG - Lisbon School of Economics and Management, REM, Universidade de Lisboa.
    4. Laine, Olli-Matti, 2019. "The effect of TLTRO-II on bank lending," Research Discussion Papers 7/2019, Bank of Finland.
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    6. Dwyer, Gerald P. & Gilevska, Biljana & Nieto, Maria J. & Samartín, Margarita, 2023. "The effects of the ECB’s unconventional monetary policies from 2011 to 2018 on banking assets," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 87(C).
    7. Andreeva, Desislava C. & García-Posada, Miguel, 2021. "The impact of the ECB's targeted long-term refinancing operations on banks’ lending policies: The role of competition," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 122(C).
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    12. Laine, Olli-Matti, 2022. "Evidence about the transmission of monetary policy," Bank of Finland Scientific Monographs, Bank of Finland, volume 0, number e53.
    13. Sharon Lai & Kevin Lane & Laura Nunn, 2022. "The Term Funding Facility: Has It Encouraged Business Lending?," RBA Research Discussion Papers rdp2022-07, Reserve Bank of Australia.
    14. Altavilla, Carlo & Barbiero, Francesca & Boucinha, Miguel & Burlon, Lorenzo, 2023. "The Great Lockdown: Pandemic response policies and bank lending conditions," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).
    15. Marie Finnegan & Supriya Kapoor, 2023. "ECB unconventional monetary policy and SME access to finance," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 61(3), pages 1253-1288, October.
    16. Mujtaba Zia & Jennifer Logan, 2021. "Bank Revolving Credit as a Channel of Monetary Policy," The Review of Finance and Banking, Academia de Studii Economice din Bucuresti, Romania / Facultatea de Finante, Asigurari, Banci si Burse de Valori / Catedra de Finante, vol. 13(2), pages 147-160, December.
    17. John Kandrac, 2021. "Can the Federal Reserve Effectively Target Main Street? Evidence from the 1970s Recession," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2021-061, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
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    19. António Afonso & M. Carmen Blanco-Arana, 2021. "Unemployment and financial development: evidence for OECD countries," Working Papers REM 2021/0204, ISEG - Lisbon School of Economics and Management, REM, Universidade de Lisboa.
    20. Emilie Da Silva & Vincent Grossmann-Wirth & Benoit Nguyen & Miklos Vari, 2021. "Paying Banks to Lend? Evidence from the Eurosystem's TLTRO and the Euro Area Credit Registry," Working papers 848, Banque de France.
    21. Claudia Kwapil & Kilian Rieder, 2021. "The effects of the monetary policy response to the COVID-19 pandemic: preliminary evidence from a pilot study using Austrian bank-level data," Monetary Policy & the Economy, Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Austrian Central Bank), issue Q4/20-Q1/, pages 131-152.
    22. Laine, Olli-Matti & Nelimarkka, Jaakko, 2023. "Assessing targeted longer-term refinancing operations: Identification through search intensity," Bank of Finland Research Discussion Papers 13/2023, Bank of Finland.
    23. Florian B¨oser & Chiara Colesanti Senni, 2021. "CAROs: Climate Risk-Adjusted Refinancing Operations," CER-ETH Economics working paper series 21/354, CER-ETH - Center of Economic Research (CER-ETH) at ETH Zurich.

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    JEL classification:

    • C33 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Models with Panel Data; Spatio-temporal Models
    • C87 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs - - - Econometric Software
    • E50 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - General
    • E51 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Money Supply; Credit; Money Multipliers
    • E52 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Monetary Policy
    • E58 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Central Banks and Their Policies

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