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International Co-operative Agreements in Hungary in the mid-1990s: Evolution, organisational forms and industry characteristics

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  • Havas, Attila

Abstract

As the legislation on foreign direct investment (FDI) in Hungary has been probably the most liberal in Central and Eastern Europe since the mid-1980s, FDI is the primary form chosen by Western firms to enter the Hungarian market. The major channels of FDI include the privatisation of former state-owned enterprises and green-field investment projects. Portfolio investment and non-equity forms of co-operation can also be found in Hungary, yet, their significance is almost negligible compared to FDI. A number of advantages, most importantly the highly skilled, experienced, yet, extremely cheap labour, and the geographical and cultural proximity to Western Europe give the Central European countries a certain competitive edge compared to other transition economies. On top of this, Hungary has opted for a unique approach to privatisation, i.e. sales of assets rather than voucher schemes, and offered a fairly liberal economic environment. Due to these factors, it has attracted roughly 45-50 per cent of the total amount of foreign capital invested in Central and Eastern Europe. These developments require a more detailed analysis. Major characteristics of the privatisation process, strictly defined, and the expansion of the private sector, including green-field investment projects, are discussed in Section 2. Sections 3-7 present the most important findings of sector studies, and identify major issues for further analysis.

Suggested Citation

  • Havas, Attila, 1998. "International Co-operative Agreements in Hungary in the mid-1990s: Evolution, organisational forms and industry characteristics," MPRA Paper 68375, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:68375
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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    3. Mark Dodgson & Roy Rothwell (ed.), 1995. "The Handbook of Industrial Innovation," Books, Edward Elgar Publishing, number 143.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Privatisation; Foreign direct investment (FDI); Impacts of FDI; Telecom equipment manufacturing; Automotive industry; Software engineering; Electronics industry; Videoton; Pharmaceuticals; Technological innovations; Organisational and managerial innovations; Export-led growth; Hungary;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F21 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business - - - International Investment; Long-Term Capital Movements
    • F23 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business - - - Multinational Firms; International Business
    • F61 - International Economics - - Economic Impacts of Globalization - - - Microeconomic Impacts
    • F62 - International Economics - - Economic Impacts of Globalization - - - Macroeconomic Impacts
    • F63 - International Economics - - Economic Impacts of Globalization - - - Economic Development
    • L1 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance
    • L25 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Firm Performance
    • L53 - Industrial Organization - - Regulation and Industrial Policy - - - Enterprise Policy
    • L62 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Manufacturing - - - Automobiles; Other Transportation Equipment; Related Parts and Equipment
    • L63 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Manufacturing - - - Microelectronics; Computers; Communications Equipment
    • L65 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Manufacturing - - - Chemicals; Rubber; Drugs; Biotechnology; Plastics
    • L86 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Services - - - Information and Internet Services; Computer Software
    • O10 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - General
    • O31 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives
    • O33 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes
    • O52 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - Europe
    • P2 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Socialist and Transition Economies
    • P31 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions - - - Socialist Enterprises and Their Transitions
    • Z13 - Other Special Topics - - Cultural Economics - - - Economic Sociology; Economic Anthropology; Language; Social and Economic Stratification

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