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Banking consolidation and the availability of credit to small businesses

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Author Info
Cole, Rebel
Walraven, Nick

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Abstract

In this study, we use firm-level data from the 1993 National Survey of Small Business Finances to test the hypothesis that banking consolidation has reduced the availability of credit to small businesses. We find that banks in markets where mergers have occurred are more likely than other banks to deny credit to small business loan applicants. However, this relationship disappears after we control for characteristics of the small business firm and its principal owner, the economic environment of the market where the firm is located, and the financial condition of the prospective lender. Moreover, we find that one set of banks, those in the process of acquiring other banks, are less likely to deny credit to small businesses. These results suggest that consolidation in the banking industry may have enhanced rather than restricted the availability of credit to small businesses. However, the data reflect credit availability during 1991-94, and may not be representative of subsequent credit conditions. Nor does the analysis rule out possible changes in the terms of credit available to small businesses.

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File URL: http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4716/
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Publisher Info
Paper provided by University Library of Munich, Germany in its series MPRA Paper with number 4716.

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Date of creation: 31 Mar 1998
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Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:4716

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Related research
Keywords: acquisition bank bank merger credit merger relationship small business SSBF takeover

Find related papers by JEL classification:
E51 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Money Supply; Credit; Money Multipliers
G34 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Mergers; Acquisitions; Restructuring; Corporate Governance
G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Mortgages

References listed on IDEAS
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  1. Cole, Rebel A., 1998. "The importance of relationships to the availability of credit," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 22(6-8), pages 959-977, August. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  2. Strahan, Philip E. & Weston, James P., 1998. "Small business lending and the changing structure of the banking industry1," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 22(6-8), pages 821-845, August. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  3. Cornett, Marcia Millon & Tehranian, Hassan, 1992. "Changes in corporate performance associated with bank acquisitions," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 31(2), pages 211-234, April. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  4. Munnell, Alicia H. & Geoffrey M. B. Tootell & Lynn E. Browne & James McEneaney, 1996. "Mortgage Lending in Boston: Interpreting HMDA Data," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 86(1), pages 25-53, March.
    Other versions:
  5. Nicholas Walraven, 1997. "Small business lending by banks involved in mergers," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 1997-25, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.). [Downloadable!]
  6. Berger, Allen N & Udell, Gregory F, 1995. "Relationship Lending and Lines of Credit in Small Firm Finance," Journal of Business, University of Chicago Press, vol. 68(3), pages 351-81, July. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  7. Gregory E. Elliehausen & John D. Wolken, 1990. "Banking markets and the use of financial services by small and medium- sized businesses," Staff Studies 160, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
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  8. Houston, Joel F. & Ryngaert, Michael D., 1994. "The overall gains from large bank mergers," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 18(6), pages 1155-1176, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  9. Peek, Joe & Rosengren, Eric S., 1998. "Bank consolidation and small business lending: It's not just bank size that matters," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 22(6-8), pages 799-819, August. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  10. Allen N. Berger & Anthony Saunders & Joseph M. Scalise & Gregory F. Udell, 1997. "The effects of bank mergers and acquisitions on small business lending," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 1997-28, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.). [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
Full references

Cited by:
(explanations, Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.)

  1. Mitchell A. Petersen, 1999. "The small business lending relationship: session A," Proceedings, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, issue Mar, pages 401-410. [Downloadable!]
  2. Allen N. Berger & Gregory F. Udell, 2001. "Small business credit availability and relationship lending: the importance of bank organizational structure," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2001-36, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.). [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  3. George W. Haynes & Charles Ou & Robert Berney, 1999. "Small business borrowing from large and small banks," Proceedings, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, issue Mar, pages 287-327. [Downloadable!]
  4. Allen N. Berger & Leora F. Klapper & Gregory F. Udell, 2001. "The ability of banks to lend to informationally opaque small businesses," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2001-34, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.). [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  5. Allen N. Berger, 1999. "The "big picture" about relationship-based finance," Proceedings, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, issue Mar, pages 390-400. [Downloadable!]
  6. Rebel A. Cole & Lawrence G. Goldberg & Lawrence J. White, 1999. "Cookie-cutter versus character: the micro structure of small business lending by large and small banks," Proceedings, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, issue Mar, pages 362-389. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  7. Jonathan A. Scott & William C. Dunkelber, 1999. "Bank consolidation and small business lending: a small firm perspective," Proceedings, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, issue Mar, pages 328-361. [Downloadable!]
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