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War on Terror: Do Military Measures Matter? Empirical Analysis of Post 9/11 Period in Pakistan

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  • Muhammad, Nasir
  • Muhammad, Shahbaz

Abstract

This paper is the first attempt to investigate the causal relationship between military spending, terrorist attacks and intensity of terrorism in Pakistan, by applying ARDL approach to cointegration and Innovation Accounting approach for causality analysis. The results indicate that war on terror is the major determinant of military spending followed by terrorism intensity and the number of terrorist attacks respectively. The study further finds that terrorism intensity and terrorist attacks Granger-cause military spending but the reverse causality is found absent. The failure of military measures to curtail terrorism and its intensity induces one to suggest greater involvement of civil intelligence agencies by raising their budgets instead of pure military budget.

Suggested Citation

  • Muhammad, Nasir & Muhammad, Shahbaz, 2011. "War on Terror: Do Military Measures Matter? Empirical Analysis of Post 9/11 Period in Pakistan," MPRA Paper 35635, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 29 Dec 2011.
    • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:35635
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    Cited by:

    1. Syed Abdul Rehman KHAN & Zhang YU, 2020. "The Impact of Terrorism on Economics and Logistics Performance: An Empirical Study from the Perspective of SAARC Member States," Journal for Economic Forecasting, Institute for Economic Forecasting, vol. 0(4), pages 99-117, December.
    2. Muhammad Athar Nadeem & Zhiying Liu & Haji Suleman Ali & Amna Younis & Muhammad Bilal & Yi Xu, 2020. "Innovation and Sustainable Development: Does Aid and Political Instability Impede Innovation?," SAGE Open, , vol. 10(4), pages 21582440209, November.
    3. Muhammad Tahir, 2020. "Terrorism and its Determinants: Panel Data Evidence from 94 Countries," Applied Research in Quality of Life, Springer;International Society for Quality-of-Life Studies, vol. 15(1), pages 1-16, March.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Causality Analysis; Military Spending; Civil Intelligence; Terrorism;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • O1 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development

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