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Are Pakistani Consumers Ricardian?

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  • Waqas, Muhammad
  • Awan, Masood Sarwar

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to check the Ricardian Equivalence Hypothesis in case of Pakistan by using annual data for the period of 1973-2009. Government expenditure, private consumption expenditure, tax revenue, government debt, disposable income, government budget deficit and wealth are the variables which are used for analysis. Cointegration results show a long run relationship among the variables. Results of structural form consumption function invalidate the Ricardian Equivalence Hypothesis in case of Pakistan. These results draw attention towards the significance of fiscal policies in boosting private consumption and controlling budget deficits, which are the prime goals of stabilization policies in Pakistan.

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Bibliographic Info

Paper provided by University Library of Munich, Germany in its series MPRA Paper with number 35375.

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Date of creation: 2011
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Publication status: Published in Economics and Business Review 2011.13(2011): pp. 161-177
Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:35375

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Keywords: Fiscal policy; Ricardian Equivalence; Government debt; Pakistan;

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References

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  1. Nicholas Apergis & Katerina Lyroudi & Athanasios Sfetsos, 2008. "Private And Government Consumption In Transitional Economies: A Panel Data Analysis," Journal of Economic Development, Chung-Ang Unviersity, Department of Economics, vol. 33(1), pages 113-131, June.
  2. Carlos Fonseca Marinheiro, . "Ricardian Equivalence: An Empirical Application to the Portuguese Economy," International Economics Working Papers Series ces0112, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Centrum voor Economische Studiën, International Economics.
  3. Cardia, Emanuela, 1997. "Replicating Ricardian Equivalence Tests with Simulated Series," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 87(1), pages 65-79, March.
  4. Waqas, Muhamad & Awan, Masood Sarwar & Aslam, Muhammad Amir, 2011. "We are living on the cost of our children," MPRA Paper 32044, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  5. Whelan, Karl, 1991. "Ricardian equivalence and the Irish consumption function : the evidence re-examined," Open Access publications from University College Dublin urn:hdl:10197/215, University College Dublin.
  6. Haque, Nadeem U & Montiel, Peter, 1989. "Consumption in Developing Countries: Tests for Liquidity Constraintsand Finite Horizons," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 71(3), pages 408-15, August.
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  8. Kormendi, Roger C, 1983. "Government Debt, Government Spending, and Private Sector Behavior," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 73(5), pages 994-1010, December.
  9. Hannes Kaadu & Lenno Uusküla, 2004. "Liquidity Constrains and Ricardian Equivalence in Estonia," Bank of Estonia Working Papers 2004-7, Bank of Estonia, revised 10 Oct 2004.
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  11. Kostas Drakos, 2001. "Testing the Ricardian Equivalence Theorem: Time Series Evidence from Greece," Journal of Economic Development, Chung-Ang Unviersity, Department of Economics, vol. 26(1), pages 149-160, June.
  12. Jesus Crespo Cuaresma & Gerhard Reitschuler, 2007. "Is the Ricardian Equivalence Proposition an 'Aerie Fairy' Theory for Europe?," Economica, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 74(296), pages 682-694, November.
  13. Jalal Siddiki, 2010. "The Ricardian equivalence hypothesis: evidence from Bangladesh," Applied Economics, Taylor and Francis Journals, vol. 42(11), pages 1419-1435.
  14. Agustín García & Julián Ramajo, 2005. "Fiscal policy and private consumption behaviour: The Spanish case," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 30(1), pages 115-135, January.
  15. Seater, John J, 1993. "Ricardian Equivalence," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 31(1), pages 142-90, March.
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  17. Seater, John J. & Mariano, Roberto S., 1985. "New tests of the life cycle and tax discounting hypotheses," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 15(2), pages 195-215, March.
  18. Khalid, Ahmed M., 1996. "Ricardian equivalence: Empirical evidence from developing economies," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 51(2), pages 413-432, December.
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