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Are oil, gold and the euro inter-related? time series and neural network analysis

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  • Malliaris, A.G.
  • Malliaris, Mary

Abstract

This paper investigates inter-relationships among the price behavior of oil, gold and the euro using time series and neural network methodologies. Traditionally gold is a leading indicator of future inflation. Both the demand and supply of oil as a key global commodity are impacted by inflationary expectations and such expectations determine current spot prices. Inflation influences both short and long-term interest rates that in turn influence the value of the dollar measured in terms of the euro. Certain hypotheses are formulated in this paper and time series and neural network methodologies are employed to test these hypotheses. We find that the markets for oil, gold and the euro are efficient but have limited inter-relationships among themselves.

Suggested Citation

  • Malliaris, A.G. & Malliaris, Mary, 2011. "Are oil, gold and the euro inter-related? time series and neural network analysis," MPRA Paper 35266, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:35266
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    2. Ahmed, Shamima & Alshater, Muneer M. & Ammari, Anis El & Hammami, Helmi, 2022. "Artificial intelligence and machine learning in finance: A bibliometric review," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 61(C).
    3. Konstantinos Gkillas & Rangan Gupta & Mark E. Wohar, 2020. "Oil shocks and volatility jumps," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 54(1), pages 247-272, January.
    4. Gupta, Rangan & Majumdar, Anandamayee & Pierdzioch, Christian & Wohar, Mark E., 2017. "Do terror attacks predict gold returns? Evidence from a quantile-predictive-regression approach," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 276-284.
    5. Malliaris, A.G. & Malliaris, Mary, 2015. "What drives gold returns? A decision tree analysis," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 13(C), pages 45-53.
    6. Reboredo, Juan C., 2013. "Is gold a safe haven or a hedge for the US dollar? Implications for risk management," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 37(8), pages 2665-2676.
    7. Omura, Akihiro & Todorova, Neda & Li, Bin & Chung, Richard, 2016. "Steel scrap and equity market in Japan," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 115-124.
    8. Shahani, Rakesh & Paliwal, Riya, 2020. "An empirical analysis of the Co-movement of Crude, Gold, Rupee-Dollar Exchange rate and Nifty 50 Stock Index during Sub-prime and Coronavirus crisis periods," MPRA Paper 103568, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    9. O'Connor, Fergal A. & Lucey, Brian M. & Batten, Jonathan A. & Baur, Dirk G., 2015. "The financial economics of gold — A survey," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 186-205.
    10. Joscha Beckmann & Robert Czudaj, 2013. "Oil and gold price dynamics in a multivariate cointegration framework," International Economics and Economic Policy, Springer, vol. 10(3), pages 453-468, September.
    11. Syed Jawad Hussain Shahzad & Elie Bouri & Naveed Raza & David Roubaud, 2019. "Asymmetric impacts of disaggregated oil price shocks on uncertainties and investor sentiment," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 52(3), pages 901-921, April.
    12. George Filis & Ioannis Chatziantoniou, 2014. "Financial and monetary policy responses to oil price shocks: evidence from oil-importing and oil-exporting countries," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 42(4), pages 709-729, May.
    13. Ibrahim, Zil Farlilah & Masih, Mansur, 2017. "Is gold a better choice as reserve currency for smaller market economies?," MPRA Paper 105474, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    14. Abid, Fathi & Kaffel, Bilel, 2018. "Time–frequency wavelet analysis of the interrelationship between the global macro assets and the fear indexes," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 490(C), pages 1028-1045.
    15. Reboredo, Juan C. & Rivera-Castro, Miguel A., 2014. "Gold and exchange rates: Downside risk and hedging at different investment horizons," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 34(C), pages 267-279.
    16. Wang, Xinya & Lucey, Brian & Huang, Shupei, 2022. "Can gold hedge against oil price movements: Evidence from GARCH-EVT wavelet modeling," Journal of Commodity Markets, Elsevier, vol. 27(C).
    17. Fathi Abid & Bilel Kaffel, 2018. "The extent of virgin olive-oil prices’ distribution revealing the behavior of market speculators," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 50(2), pages 561-590, February.
    18. Nikolaos Antonakakis & Ioannis Chatziantoniou & George Filis, 2014. "Dynamic Spillovers of Oil Price Shocks and Policy Uncertainty," Department of Economics Working Papers wuwp166, Vienna University of Economics and Business, Department of Economics.
    19. Thomas Conlon & Brian M. Lucey & Gazi Salah Uddin, 2018. "Is gold a hedge against inflation? A wavelet time-scale perspective," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 51(2), pages 317-345, August.
    20. Amine Ben Amar & Jean‐Étienne Carlotti, 2021. "Who drives the dance? Further insights from a time‐frequency wavelet analysis of the interrelationship between stock markets and uncertainty," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 26(1), pages 1623-1636, January.
    21. Jin-Ray Lu & Chih-Ming Chan, 2014. "Optimal portfolio choice of gold assets in the differential market and differential game structures," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 42(2), pages 309-325, February.
    22. Junhuan Zhang & Peter McBurney & Katarzyna Musial, 2018. "Convergence of trading strategies in continuous double auction markets with boundedly-rational networked traders," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 50(1), pages 301-352, January.
    23. Ana Lazcano & Pedro Javier Herrera & Manuel Monge, 2023. "A Combined Model Based on Recurrent Neural Networks and Graph Convolutional Networks for Financial Time Series Forecasting," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-21, January.
    24. Abdulrazak Nur Mohamed & Idiris Sid Ali Mohamed, 2023. "Precious Metals and Oil Price Dynamics," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 13(6), pages 119-128, November.
    25. Salisu, Afees A. & Adediran, Idris & Omoke, Philip C. & Tchankam, Jean Paul, 2023. "Gold and tail risks," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Oil; Gold; the Euro; Relationships; Time-series Analysis; Neural Network Methodology;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G14 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Information and Market Efficiency; Event Studies; Insider Trading
    • Q41 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - Demand and Supply; Prices
    • G15 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - International Financial Markets

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