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The Long-Term Care Workforce: Overview and Strategies to Adapt Supply to a Growing Demand

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Author Info
Rie Fujisawa
Francesca Colombo
Abstract

This working paper offers an overview of the LTC workforce and reviews country responses to a growing demand for LTC workers. In the context of ageing societies, the importance of long-term care is growing in all OECD countries. In 2005, long-term care expenditure accounted for slightly over 1% of GDP across OECD countries (OECD Health Data 2008), but this is projected to reach between 2% and 4% of GDP by 2050 (Oliveira Martins et al., 2006). Spending on long-term care as a share of GDP rises with the share of the population that is over 80 years old, which is expected to triple from 4 per cent to 11-12 per cent between 2005 and 2050. In addition to ageing, there are other factors likely to affect future spending. Trends in severe disability among elderly populations across 12 OECD countries for which data are available do not show a consistent sign of decline (Lafortune and Balestat, 2007), while the number of elderly that need assistance in carrying out activities of daily living is also growing. Meanwhile, societal changes – notably possible reductions in the importance of informal care due to rising labour market participation by women and declining family size, as well as growing expectations for more responsive, quality health and social-care systems – are creating pressures to improve value for money in long-term care systems. These factors add pressures on the workforce of this highly labour-intensive sector. Adding to this are the difficulties in attracting and retaining caregivers to a physically and mentally gruelling profession.

Soins de longue durée: l'accroissement de la demande de travailleurs du secteur
Ce document de travail présente une vue d’ensemble sur les travailleurs du secteur des soins de longue durée (SLD) et passe en revue les réponses des pays à l'accroissement de la demande de travailleurs des SLD. Dans le contexte du vieillissement des sociétés, l’importance des soins de longue durée va se développer dans tous les pays de l’OCDE. En 2005, les dépenses de SLD ne représentaient guère plus de 1 % du PIB dans ces différents pays (Éco-Santé OCDE 2008), mais d’après les projections, cette proportion pourrait atteindre entre 2 et 4 % du PIB à l’horizon 2050 (Oliveira Martins et al., 2006). La part des dépenses de SLD exprimées en pourcentage du PIB augmente en même temps que s’accroît la part de la population âgée de plus de 80 ans. Or, cette part devrait tripler entre 2005 et 2050 et passer de 4 % à 11 ou 12 % sur cette période. Outre le vieillissement, d’autres facteurs pouvant affecter les dépenses futures sont impliqués. Dans 12 pays de l’OCDE pour lesquels on dispose de données, la tendance à l’incapacité sévère chez les personnes âgées ne diminue pas de manière régulière (Lafortune et Balestat, 2007), tandis que le nombre de personnes âgées ayant besoin d’aide pour accomplir les activités élémentaires de la vie quotidienne est en augmentation. En même temps, l’évolution de la société (notamment, la possible diminution d’importance qui devrait être accordée aux soins informels du fait de l’accroissement du taux d’activité des femmes et de la diminution de la taille des familles, mais aussi les attentes croissantes face à des systèmes de soins de santé et de protection sociale que l’on voudrait plus réactifs et de meilleure qualité) accroît la nécessité d’une utilisation plus efficiente des ressources des systèmes de SLD. Ces facteurs renforcent la pression qui s’exerce sur les travailleurs de ce secteur à très forte intensité de main-d’oeuvre. S’y ajoutent les difficultés rencontrées pour attirer des soignants vers un métier pénible à la fois physiquement et psychologiquement et pour les retenir.

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Paper provided by OECD, Directorate for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs in its series OECD Health Working Papers with number 44.

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Date of creation: 17 Mar 2009
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Handle: RePEc:oec:elsaad:44-en

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Find related papers by JEL classification:
I1 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health
I10 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - General
I12 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Health Production
J1 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics
J10 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - General
J14 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of the Elderly; Economics of the Handicapped
J20 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - General
J61 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, and Vacancies - - - Geographic Labor Mobility; Immigrant Workers

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