This file is part of IDEAS, which uses RePEc data


[ Papers | Articles | Software | Books | Chapters | Authors | Institutions | JEL Classification | NEP reports | Search | New papers by email | Author registration | Rankings | Volunteers | FAQ | Blog | Help! ]

Reforming Retirement-Income Systems: Lessons from the Recent Experiences of OECD Countries

Author info | Abstract | Publisher info | Download info | Related research | Statistics
Author Info
John P. Martin
Edward R. Whitehouse

Additional information is available for the following registered author(s):

Abstract

1. Reforming pensions looms large over the policy agenda of OECD countries. This is hardly surprising since public spending on pensions accounted on average for 7 per cent of OECD GDP in 2005; and this pension spending effort is set to increase significantly over the coming decades in response to population ageing. Pension policy is indeed challenging and controversial because it involves long-term decisions in the face of numerous short-term political pressures. 2. However, the status quo does not always win out so far as pension reform in concerned: public finance crises and the looming threat of ageing populations have proved effective spurs for reform. As a result, much has been done since the early 1990s to make pension systems fit for the future. Nearly all the 30 OECD countries have made at least some changes to their pension systems in that period. In 16 of them, there have been major reforms that will significantly affect future benefits. 3. The purpose of this paper is to summarise these reforms and highlight the main lessons. Section 1 looks at which countries reformed their pensions systems and which did not. It also examines the fiscal challenges posed by public pensions. Section 2 describes the measures in the reforms themselves. These include, among other things, increases in pension age, changes in the way benefits are calculated and smaller pension increases in retirement than in the past. Section 3 explores the impact of these reforms on future pension entitlements of today’s retirees, showing a clear trend to a lower pension promise for today’s workers than for past generations. This means that people will need to save more for their own retirement via private pension schemes, an issue examined in Section 4. This is followed in Section 5 by a review of the main outstanding challenges facing pension systems in OECD countries. The final section presents some concluding remarks.
4. La réforme des retraites occupe une place d’importance dans tous les programmes politiques des pays de l’OCDE. Ceci n’est guère surprenant dans la mesure où les dépenses publiques pour les retraites ont constitué en moyenne 7% du PIB des pays de l’OCDE en 2005 ; et cet effort de dépenses publiques risque d’augmenter de manière significative pendant les prochaines décennies en réponse au vieillissement démographique. Les politiques en matière de retraite font donc face à des défis de taille et sont controversées parce qu’elles impliquent des décisions à prendre à long terme face à de nombreuses pressions politiques de court terme. 5. Pour l’instant, nous n’assistons pas pour autant à un status quo en matière de réforme des retraites. En effet, les crises financières publiques et la crainte grandissante causée par l’apparition d’une population vieillissante ne font qu’encourager les réformes. C’est ainsi que beaucoup a été fait depuis les années 90 pour faire en sorte que les régimes de pensions se réactualisent en tenant compte de l’avenir. C’est presque tous les 30 pays de l’OCDE qui ont ainsi fait quelques changements pendant cette période. Seize d’entre eux ont d’ailleurs opté pour des réformes significatives devant affecter considérablement les prestations futures. 6. Ce document vise à résumer ces réformes et à mettre en exergue les principales leçons à tirer. La Section 1 se penche sur les pays qui ont réformé leurs régimes de pensions et ceux qui n’ont pris aucune mesure. Elle s’intéresse aussi au défi fiscal posé par les pensions publiques. La Section 2, quant à elle, décrit ces réformes, entre autres, l’augmentation de l’âge de la retraite, le changement du mode de calcul des prestations et des augmentations moindres des retraites par rapport aux années précédentes. La section 3 s’arrête sur l’impact de ces réformes sur les prestations futures des actuels retraités. Elle montre une claire tendance à promettre des retraites plus basses aux travailleurs d’aujourd’hui par rapport aux générations antérieures, le constat étant que les travailleurs devront dorénavant économiser davantage en vue de leur propre retraite via des régimes de pensions privés, sujet examiné dans la Section 4. La Section 5 examine les principaux défis auxquels doivent faire face les régimes de pensions des pays de l’OCDE. Le document se termine par des remarques de conclusion.

Download Info
To download:

If you experience problems downloading a file, check if you have the proper application to view it first. Information about this may be contained in the File-Format links below. In case of further problems read the IDEAS help page. Note that these files are not on the IDEAS site. Please be patient as the files may be large.

File URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/241083644101
File Format: text/html
File Function:
Download Restriction: no

Publisher Info
Paper provided by OECD, Directorate for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs in its series OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers with number 66.

Download reference. The following formats are available: HTML (with abstract), plain text (with abstract), BibTeX, RIS (EndNote, RefMan, ProCite), ReDIF
Length:
Date of creation: 30 Jun 2008
Date of revision:
Handle: RePEc:oec:elsaab:66-en

Contact details of provider:
Postal: 2 rue Andre Pascal, 75775 Paris Cedex 16
Email:
Web page: http://www.oecd.org
More information through EDIRC

For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its listing, contact: ().

Related research
Keywords:

Other versions of this item:

Find related papers by JEL classification:
H55 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - Social Security and Public Pensions
I38 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare and Poverty - - - Government Programs; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs

This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
  1. John Beshears & James J. Choi & David Laibson & Brigitte C. Madrian, 2006. "The Importance of Default Options for Retirement Saving Outcomes: Evidence from the United States," NBER Chapters, in: Social Security Policy in a Changing Environment National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  2. Kwang-Yeol Yoo & Alain de Serres, 2004. "Tax Treatment of Private Pension Savings in OECD Countries and the Net Tax Cost Per Unit of Contribution to Tax-Favoured Schemes," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 406, OECD, Economics Department. [Downloadable!]
  3. Pablo Antolín & Edward R. Whitehouse, 2009. "Filling the Pension Gap: Coverage and Value of Voluntary Retirement Savings," OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers 69, OECD, Directorate for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs. [Downloadable!]
  4. Whitehouse, Edward & Queisser, Monika, 2007. "Pensions at a glance: public policies across OECD countries," MPRA Paper 16349, University Library of Munich, Germany. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  5. Edward R. Whitehouse, 2007. "Life-Expectancy Risk and Pensions: Who Bears the Burden?," OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers 60, OECD, Directorate for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs. [Downloadable!]
  6. Peter Whiteford & Edward Whitehouse, 2006. "Pension Challenges and Pension Reforms in Oecd Countries," Oxford Review of Economic Policy, Oxford University Press, vol. 22(1), pages 78-94, Spring.
  7. Thai Than Dang & Pablo Antolín & Howard Oxley, 2001. "Fiscal Implications of Ageing: Projections of Age-Related Spending," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 305, OECD, Economics Department. [Downloadable!]
  8. Monika Queisser & Edward R. Whitehouse, 2006. "Neutral or Fair?: Actuarial Concepts and Pension-System Design," OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers 40, OECD, Directorate for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs. [Downloadable!]
  9. James J. Choi & David Laibson & Brigitte C. Madrian, 2004. "Plan Design and 401(k) Savings Outcomes," NBER Working Papers 10486, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
Full references

Cited by:
(explanations, Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.)

  1. Gretchen Van Riesen, 2009. "The Pension Tangle: Achieving Greater Uniformity of Pension Legislation and Regulation in Canada," C.D. Howe Institute Commentary, C.D. Howe Institute, issue 294, August. [Downloadable!]
Statistics
Access and download statistics

Did you know? You can import bibliographic info in various formats into you bibliographic tool, or just into your word processor. See under "publisher info" on each abstract page.

This page was last updated on 2009-11-25.


This information is provided to you by IDEAS at the Department of Economics, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Connecticut using RePEc data on a server sponsored by the Society for Economic Dynamics.