This report tries to explain observed changes in fertility rates across OECD countries, with an emphasis on socio-economic considerations. It aims to extend the understanding of fertility-related behaviours in different ways: first, by explaining recent developments in fertility rates and their relationships to other social drivers; second, by developing and testing new and expanded models to explain the cross-country variation in fertility rates due to labour markets, social and fiscal policies, and individual characteristics; third, by exploring which polices, through their effects on particular variables at micro and macro levels, have the biggest effect on fertility rates. Ce rapport essaye d’expliquer les évolutions observées dans les taux de fécondité dans les pays de l’OCDE, l’accent étant mis sur un angle socio-économique. Il tend à faire comprendre les comportements liés à la fécondité de plusieurs manières : premièrement, en expliquant les évolutions récentes des taux de fécondité et leur relation avec les autres facteurs sociaux ; deuxièmement, en développant et en testant des modèles nouveaux et élargis afin d’expliquer les différences des taux de fécondité observées dans les pays en fonction des caractéristiques du marché du travail, des politiques sociales et fiscales et des caractéristiques individuelles ; troisièmement, en essayant d’identifier les politiques qui ont la plus grande incidence sur les taux de fécondité de par l’effet qu’elles ont sur des variables particulières aux niveaux micro et macro.
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