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Subsidies and Levies as Policy Instruments to Encourage Employer-Provided Training

Author

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  • Normann Müller

    (Bundesinstitut für Berufsbildung)

  • Friederike Behringer

    (Bundesinstitut für Berufsbildung)

Abstract

This paper provides an overview of the available information concerning selected policy instruments intended to promote employer-provided training, including the stated rationale and objectives, the target groups and operational design as well as a at a summary of the evaluative evidence regarding their operation. The analysis focuses on policy instruments providing financial assistance or incentives, specifically, subsidies (including tax incentives and grants) and levy schemes that devote a least some share of their resources to continuing training. Training leave regulations are considered only to the extent that they can be treated as a form of subsidy or a levy scheme, depending on the main financing mechanism involved. Instruments that focus solely on improving the quality of training or enhancing transparency in the training market are not addressed. In addition to offering a description of different instruments, the paper discusses the strengths and weaknesses (or risks and opportunities, respectively) of different types of instrument or particular elements of instrument design. It also specifies principles of successful instrument design that have been put forth in the literature and concludes with some remarks regarding the choice of policies. Le présent document offre une vue d’ensemble des informations disponibles sur certains instruments d’action visant à encourager la formation en entreprise, notamment l’argumentaire et les objectifs, les groupes cibles et l’élaboration fonctionnelle, ainsi qu’une synthèse des données relatives à l’évaluation de leur mise en oeuvre. L’analyse porte en particulier sur les instruments d’action qui apportent des aides ou incitations financières, à savoir les subventions (y compris incitations fiscales et dotations) et les systèmes de prélèvement dont au moins une partie des recettes est consacrée à la formation continue. La réglementation applicable au congé de formation n’est étudiée que dans la mesure où elle peut être considérée comme une forme d’aide ou de prélèvement, selon le mécanisme de financement principal utilisé. Les moyens d’action qui visent uniquement à améliorer la qualité de la formation ou à renforcer la transparence sur ce marché ne sont pas étudiés. Outre une description des différents instruments, ce document présente également les avantages et les inconvénients (ou les risques et les possibilités) de divers types d’instruments ou éléments particuliers de leur conception. Il examine également les principes à l’origine de leur efficacité qui ont été mis en évidence dans les études menées sur ce sujet, et se conclut par quelques remarques sur le choix des politiques mises en oeuvre.

Suggested Citation

  • Normann Müller & Friederike Behringer, 2012. "Subsidies and Levies as Policy Instruments to Encourage Employer-Provided Training," OECD Education Working Papers 80, OECD Publishing.
  • Handle: RePEc:oec:eduaab:80-en
    DOI: 10.1787/5k97b083v1vb-en
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    Cited by:

    1. van den Berg, Gerard J. & Dauth, Christine & Homrighausen, Pia & Stephan, Gesine, 2018. "Informing Employees in Small and Medium Sized Firms about Training: Results of a Randomized Field Experiment," IZA Discussion Papers 11963, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    2. Eric Schuss, 2021. "Beyond Windfall Gains: The Redistribution of Apprenticeship Costs and Vocational Education of Care Workers," Economics of Education Working Paper Series 0176, University of Zurich, Department of Business Administration (IBW), revised May 2023.
    3. Brunello, Giorgio & Wruuck, Patricia, 2020. "Employer provided training in Europe: Determinants and obstacles," EIB Working Papers 2020/03, European Investment Bank (EIB).
    4. Samuel Muehlemann & Stefan Wolter, 2014. "Return on investment of apprenticeship systems for enterprises: Evidence from cost-benefit analyses," IZA Journal of Labor Policy, Springer;Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 3(1), pages 1-22, December.
    5. Lilas Demmou & Andreas Wörgötter, 2015. "Boosting Productivity in Russia: Skills, Education and Innovation," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 1189, OECD Publishing.
    6. Eric Schuss, 2023. "Beyond windfall gains: The redistribution of apprenticeship costs and vocational education of care workers," Economica, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 90(359), pages 978-1002, July.

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