IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/oec/eduaab/41-en.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

21st Century Skills and Competences for New Millennium Learners in OECD Countries

Author

Listed:
  • Katerina Ananiadou

    (OECD)

  • Magdalean Claro

Abstract

This paper discusses issues related to the teaching and assessment of 21st century skills and competencies in OECD countries drawing on the findings of a questionnaire study and other relevant background material such as white papers or curriculum documents. Although all OECD countries were invited to participate in the questionnaire survey, responses were received from seventeen countries or regions, and the paper focuses primarily on this group. The paper presents a short discussion of the importance and relevance of 21st century skills and competencies in the current policy debate and the definitions and conceptual frameworks that have been used in the literature, and proposes a new three-dimensional framework, consisting of the dimensions of information, communication and ethics and social impact. The findings of the questionnaire survey show that most countries or regions cover 21st century skills and competencies in their regulations, guidelines or recommendations for compulsory education. However, there are few specific definitions of these skills and competencies at national or regional level and virtually no clear formative or summative assessment policies for these skills. The only evaluation regarding their teaching is often left to external inspectors as part of their whole school audits. Similarly there are few teacher training programmes that target the teaching or development of 21st century skills, although there exist several teacher training initiatives that focus on developing teachers’ ICT pedagogical skills, most of them optional. The paper discusses the implications of these findings especially with regard to the particular role of ICT in the development of these skills and competencies, and issues related to assessment practices and teacher training. Ce document examine les problèmes liés à l’enseignement et à l’évaluation des qualifications et des compétences nécessaires au XXIe siècle dans les pays de l’OCDE en s’appuyant sur les conclusions d’une enquête et d’autres documents de référence comme des livres blancs et des documents relatifs aux programmes d’étude. Bien que l’ensemble des pays de l’OCDE ait été invité à répondre au questionnaire, 17 pays ou régions ont communiqué leurs réponses de sorte que c’est essentiellement sur ce groupe que la présente note se concentre. On y trouve une brève analyse de l’importance et de la pertinence des qualifications et compétences nécessaires au XXIe siècle dans le débat actuel et les définitions et cadres conceptuels utilisés dans la littérature, et l’on propose un nouveau cadre tridimensionnel intégrant les aspects de l’information, de la communication ainsi que de l’éthique et de l’impact social. Les réponses au questionnaire montrent que la plupart des pays ou régions tiennent compte des qualifications et compétences requises au XXIe siècle dans leurs textes réglementaires, principes directeurs ou recommandations visant la scolarité obligatoire. Cependant, il existe peu de définitions spécifiques de ces qualifications et compétences aux niveaux national ou régional et pratiquement aucune politique d’évaluation formative ou sommative. La seule évaluation concernant la transmission de ces compétences est souvent confiée à des inspecteurs extérieurs, dans le cadre de l’audit qu’ils mènent sur l’ensemble du système scolaire. De même, il existe peu de programmes de formation des maîtres qui ciblent l’enseignement ou le développement des compétences nécessaires au XXIe siècle, mais il y a des programmes de formation des enseignants centrées sur le développement des compétences pédagogiques en matière de TIC, dont la plupart sont optionnels. Le document examine les conséquences de ces conclusions en particulier pour le rôle des TIC dans l’acquisition de ces qualifications et compétences, ainsi que les problèmes liés aux pratiques d’évaluation et à la formation des maîtres.

Suggested Citation

  • Katerina Ananiadou & Magdalean Claro, 2009. "21st Century Skills and Competences for New Millennium Learners in OECD Countries," OECD Education Working Papers 41, OECD Publishing.
  • Handle: RePEc:oec:eduaab:41-en
    DOI: 10.1787/218525261154
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.1787/218525261154
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1787/218525261154?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:oec:eduaab:41-en. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    We have no bibliographic references for this item. You can help adding them by using this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: the person in charge (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/deoecfr.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.