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Assessment of Learning Outcomes in Higher Education: a comparative review of selected practices

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  • Deborah Nusche

    (OECD)

Abstract

Higher education institutions (HEIs) have experienced increasing pressures to provide accountability data and consumer information on the quality of teaching and learning. But existing ratings and rankings of HEIs tend to neglect information on student learning outcomes. Instead, they focus on inputs, activities and research outputs, such as resources used, classes taught, and articles published. Such indicators provide no indication of the degree to which HEIs actually develop the knowledge and skills of their students. In most countries, hardly any comparable information is available on the educational quality of different programmes and institutions. In some countries, approaches to assess higher education learning outcomes have been developed, but little cross-country information is available on the characteristics of the instruments used. This paper provides an overview of experience gained in this domain across OECD and partner countries. Based on illustrative evidence collected for 18 assessment instruments, it examines conceptual, organizational and methodological aspects of existing assessments. It proposes a typology of higher education learning outcomes and reviews the ways in which these have been assessed across countries. Examples are drawn from Australia, Brazil, Mexico, the United Kingdom and the United States. Les institutions d'enseignement supérieur sont de plus en plus amenées à rendre des comptes sur la qualité de leurs enseignements et les résultats de leurs étudiants. Mais les méthodologies de notation et de classement des universités considèrent rarement dans leurs critères l'information sur les « résultats de l’enseignement », à savoir ce que les étudiants ont vraiment appris au sein de ces institutions. Elles se concentrent plutôt sur les inputs, activités, et outputs, tels que les ressources mobilisées, les cours enseignés et le nombre d'articles publiés. Cependant, ces indicateurs ne permettent pas de déterminer dans quelle mesure les universités contribuent au développement des connaissances et des compétences de leurs étudiants. Dans la plupart des pays, il y a peu d'information disponible pour comparer la qualité éducative des différents programmes et institutions. Dans certains pays, des approches ont été développées pour mesurer la qualité de l'enseignement dans les universités, mais peu d'études offrent une comparaison internationale des différents instruments utilisés. Ce papier présente un aperçu des expériences dans ce domaine au sein de l'OCDE et des pays partenaires. A partir de données illustratives concernant 18 tests, il examine des aspects conceptuels, organisationnels et méthodologiques des instruments d'évaluation existants. Le papier identifie différents types de résultats de l’enseignement et étudie la façon dont ceux-ci sont évalués dans les différents pays. Cette étude s'appuie sur des exemples provenant de l’Australie, du Brésil, du Mexique, du Royaume-Uni et des États-Unis.

Suggested Citation

  • Deborah Nusche, 2008. "Assessment of Learning Outcomes in Higher Education: a comparative review of selected practices," OECD Education Working Papers 15, OECD Publishing.
  • Handle: RePEc:oec:eduaab:15-en
    DOI: 10.1787/244257272573
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