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Factors Behind Low Long-Term Interest Rates

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Author Info
Rudiger Ahrend
Pietro Catte
Robert Price

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Abstract

Long-term bond yields have been low in recent years both in nominal and real terms, and . especially in the United States - they have reacted differently to shifts in monetary and fiscal stances relative to previous cycles. This article examines various possible explanations for this behaviour, such as the effects of changes in monetary policy frameworks on inflation and interest rate expectations; developments in ex ante saving-investment balances, and shifts in investors. portfolio preferences (including official reserve accumulation, .petro-dollar. recycling and pension fund demand for longer maturities). The paper finds that it is unlikely that any individual explanation can account for the level and profile of bond yields in recent years, but that an important element has been a compression in term premia, together with shifts in expected short rates. Even though bond yields have started to rise in the early part of 2006, they are unlikely to go back to the levels that prevailed in the 1980s or the early 1990s, as several of the factors that drove them lower are set to persist.

Éléments à l’origine de la faiblesse des taux d’intérêt à long terme
Au cours des années récentes les rendements des obligations à long terme ont été faibles tant en termes nominaux qu’effectifs. Par rapport aux cycles économiques antérieurs, ils ont réagi différemment aux changements de politique monétaire et budgétaire, notamment aux États-Unis. Cet article examine plusieurs explications potentielles de ces comportements comme les effets d’un changement de cadre de la politique monétaire sur l’inflation et les anticipations de taux d’intérêt; l’évolution des soldes ex ante d’épargne et d’investissement et les changements de préférence dans les placements des investisseurs (y compris l’accumulation des réserves officielles, le recyclage des « pétrodollars » et la demande des fonds de pension pour des obligations à maturité longue). L’article conclut qu’il est improbable qu’une seule explication puisse rendre compte du niveau et du profil des rendements obligataires au cours des dernières années. Toutefois, un élément clef a été la réduction de la prime de risque, accompagnée par des changements dans les anticipations de taux d’intérêt à court terme. Néanmoins, bien que les rendements des obligations aient commencé à remonter au début de l’année 2006, il est peu vraisemblable qu’ils atteignent les niveaux enregistrés dans les années 1980 et au début des années 1990, dans la mesure où plusieurs des facteurs qui ont entraîné leur déclin sont amenés à perdurer.

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File URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/761527811285
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Paper provided by OECD, Economics Department in its series OECD Economics Department Working Papers with number 490.

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Date of creation: 13 Jun 2006
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Handle: RePEc:oec:ecoaaa:490-en

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Keywords: bond spread ; bond yield; capital flows; credibility; current account; financial markets; inflation expectation; interest rate; monetary policy; neutral rate; pension fund; petro-dollar; portfolio preferences; reserve accumulation ; risk premia; saving-investment balance; term premia; accumulation des réserves; anticipation d'inflation; compte courant; crédibilité; flux de capitaux; fonds de pension; marchés financiers; pétrodollar; politique monétaire; préférences en matière de placements; prime à terme; prime de risque; rendement des obligations; solde d'épargne et d'investissement; spread de crédit; taux d'intérêt; taux neutre;

Find related papers by JEL classification:
E43 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Determination of Interest Rates; Term Structure of Interest Rates
F2 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business
G11 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Portfolio Choice; Investment Decisions
G15 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - International Financial Markets

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  1. Clerc, L., 2007. "Understanding Asset Prices: Determinants and Policy Implications," Documents de Travail 168, Banque de France. [Downloadable!]
  2. Brigitte Desroches & Michael Francis, 2007. "World Real Interest Rates: A Global Savings and Investment Perspective," Working Papers 07-16, Bank of Canada. [Downloadable!]
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