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Recent House Price Developments: The Role of Fundamentals

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Author Info
Nathalie Girouard
Mike Kennedy
Paul van den Noord
Christophe André ()

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Abstract

In the vast majority of OECD economies, house prices in real terms have been moving up strongly since the mid-1990s. Because of the important role housing wealth has been playing during the current upswing, this paper will look more closely at what is underlying these developments for 18 OECD countries over the period from 1970 to the present, with a view to shedding some light on whether or not prices are in line with fundamentals. The paper begins by putting the most recent housing price run-ups in the context of the experiences of the past 35 years. It then examines current valuations against a range of benchmarks. It concludes with a review of the links between a possible correction of housing prices and real activity. The main highlights from this analysis are as follows: 1) The size and duration of the current real house price increases; the degree to which they have tended to move together across countries; and the extent to which they have disconnected from the business cycle are unprecedented. 2) Overvaluation of real house prices may only apply to a relatively small number of countries. However, the extent to which these prices look to be fairly valued depends largely on longer-term interest rates remaining at or close to their current low levels. 3) If house prices were to adjust downward, the historical record suggests that the drops might be large and that the process could be protracted, given the observed stickiness of nominal house prices and the current low rates of inflation.

Le rôle des fondamentaux dans l’évolution récente des prix des logements
Dans la grande majorité des pays de l'OCDE, les prix réels des logements se sont accrus fortement depuis le milieu des années 90. Étant donné le rôle important joué par le patrimoine immobilier dans la reprise; cette étude examinera de près les facteurs ayant contribués à cette évolution afin de mieux cerner si les prix des logements depuis 1970, pour 18 pays de l'OCDE, sont justifiés par les fondamentaux. Cette étude commence par replacer les hausses les plus récentes des prix de l'immobilier résidentiel dans le contexte des évolutions observées au cours des 35 dernières années. Elle examine ensuite les prix actuels au regard d'un certain nombre d'indicateurs. Elle s'achève enfin par une analyse des liens entre un éventuel réajustement des prix des logements et l'activité réelle. Les principaux aspects de cette analyse sont les suivants: 1) L'ampleur et la durée de l'augmentation des prix réels des logements, l'homogénéité de leur évolution dans différents pays et leur découplage par rapport au cycle économique sont sans précédent. 2) La surévaluation des prix de l'immobilier n'apparaîtrait que dans un nombre relativement restreint de pays. Cela étant, pour considérer que ces prix sont justifiés, il faut, dans une large mesure supposer que les taux d'intérêt à long terme resteront pratiquement aussi bas qu'actuellement. 3) Si les prix des logements venaient à baisser, l'expérience passée conduit à penser que les baisses pourraient être plus importantes en termes réels et qu'elles pourraient être durables, compte tenu de la rigidité observée des prix des logements en termes nominaux et de la faiblesse actuelle de l'inflation.

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Paper provided by OECD Economics Department in its series OECD Economics Department Working Papers with number 475.

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Date of creation: 23 Jan 2006
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Handle: RePEc:oec:ecoaaa:475-en

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Related research
Keywords: house prices prix des logements housing market marché immobilier

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Find related papers by JEL classification:
R21 - Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics - - Household Analysis - - - Housing Demand
R31 - Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics - - Production Analysis and Firm Location - - - Housing Supply and Markets

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  1. Edward E. Leamer, 2007. "Housing IS the Business Cycle," NBER Working Papers 13428, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  2. Laurence Boone & Paul Noord, 2008. "Wealth effects on money demand in the euro area," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 34(3), pages 525-536, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  3. Rose Cunningham & Ilan Kolet, 2007. "Housing Market Cycles and Duration Dependence in the United States and Canada," Working Papers 07-2, Bank of Canada. [Downloadable!]
  4. David Hargreaves, 2008. "The tax system and housing demand in New Zealand," Reserve Bank of New Zealand Discussion Paper Series DP2008/06, Reserve Bank of New Zealand. [Downloadable!]
  5. Konstantin A. Kholodilin & Jan-Oliver Menz & Boriss Siliverstovs, 2007. "What Drives Housing Prices Down? : Evidence from an International Panel," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin 758, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research. [Downloadable!]
  6. Yves Zenou, 2007. "High Relocation Costs in Search-Matching Models: Theory and Application to Spatial Mismatch," IZA Discussion Papers 2739, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA). [Downloadable!]
  7. Olympia Bover & Juan F. Jimeno, 2007. "House Prices and Employment Reallocation: International Evidence," IZA Discussion Papers 3129, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA). [Downloadable!]
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  8. David C. Wheelock, 2006. "What happens to banks when house prices fall? U.S. regional housing busts of the 1980s and 1990s," Review, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, issue Sep, pages 413-430. [Downloadable!]
  9. Ansgar Belke & Daniel Gros, 2007. "Instability of the Eurozone? On Monetary Policy, House Prices and Labor Market Reforms," IZA Discussion Papers 2547, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA). [Downloadable!]
  10. Mark A. Wynne, 2008. "How should central banks define price stability?," Globalization and Monetary Policy Institute Working Paper 08, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas. [Downloadable!]
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