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Fostering Inclusive Growth in Turkey by Promoting Structural Change in the Business Sector

Author

Listed:
  • Rauf Gönenç

    (OECD)

  • Oliver Röhn

    (OECD)

  • Vincent Koen

    (OECD)

  • Fethi Öğünç

    (OECD)

Abstract

Turkey’s business sector dynamism has underpinned broad-based and inclusive growth in the 2000s. However, the business sector is highly segmented, with a relatively small core of modern high-productivity corporations, and myriad small, less formal and low-productivity entities. This hampers efficient resource allocation and tends to entrench social inequalities. It also makes it difficult to build on-the-job human capital for the large number of low-skilled. This segmentation needs to be overcome to raise productivity in the informal, low-skill and low-productivity sector, and to facilitate resource transfers from low to higher productivity businesses. This ought to be achieved by aligning Turkey’s formal regulatory and tax framework with OECD best practice, rather than through “second-best” arrangements where noncompliance with rules co-exists with selective subsidies to parts of the formal sector. Labour market and business taxation reforms are particularly important to enable all categories of enterprises to operate flexibly on a rule-based, level playing field and to achieve productivity enhancing and socially inclusive restructuring. Promouvoir une croissance inclusive en Turquie en favorisant des évolutions structurelles dans le secteur des entreprises Pendant les années 2000, le dynamisme du secteur des entreprises a alimenté une croissance inclusive reposant sur une large assise. Cependant, il s’agit d’un secteur fortement segmenté, où coexistent un noyau relativement restreint d’entreprises modernes, très productives, et une myriade de petites entreprises moins formelles et à faible productivité. Cette dualité empêche une affectation efficiente des ressources et a tendance à figer les inégalités sociales. Elle rend également difficile la constitution de capital humain sur leur lieu de travail pour les nombreuses personnes faiblement qualifiées. Il faut dépasser cette segmentation afin de relever la productivité dans le secteur informel où le niveau de la productivité et des qualifications est bas, et faciliter les transferts de ressources des secteurs à faible productivité vers ceux où elle est plus élevée. Pour ce faire il conviendrait d’aligner le cadre réglementaire et fiscal formel sur les meilleures pratiques de l'OCDE plutôt que de tolérer le non-respect de la réglementation tout en octroyant des subventions sélectives à certains segments du secteur formel. Il est particulièrement important de réformer le marché du travail et le système d’imposition pour permettre à toutes les catégories d’entreprises de travailler de manière flexible, au sein d’un environnement fondé sur le respect de règles applicables à tous, et d’opérer une restructuration propre à favoriser l’amélioration de la productivité et la cohésion sociale.

Suggested Citation

  • Rauf Gönenç & Oliver Röhn & Vincent Koen & Fethi Öğünç, 2014. "Fostering Inclusive Growth in Turkey by Promoting Structural Change in the Business Sector," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 1161, OECD Publishing.
  • Handle: RePEc:oec:ecoaaa:1161-en
    DOI: 10.1787/5jxx0554v07c-en
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    changement structurel; croissance; growth; informality; informalité; labour markets; marchés du travail; productivity; productivité; structural change; taxation; Turkey; Turquie;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J2 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor
    • J3 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs
    • O1 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development
    • O4 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity
    • O5 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies

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