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No sympathy for the devil! Policy priorities to overcome the middle-income trap in Latin America

Author

Listed:
  • Ángel Melguizo

    (OECD Development Centre)

  • Sebastián Nieto-Parra

    (OECD Development Centre)

  • José Ramón Perea

    (The World Bank)

  • Jaime Ariel Perez

    (Barcelona Graduate School of Economics)

Abstract

The empirical literature on development has labelled as “middle-income trap” (MIT) the fact that many developing economies struggle to adjust to new sources of growth after reaching middle-income levels. For Latin America and the Caribbean, this is an especially challenging scenario, as only Chile, Trinidad and Tobago, and Uruguay have become high-income economies in the last six decades while several other LAC countries, already middle-income as early as 1950, stayed in that income range. This paper analyses empirically the main policy areas explaining the MIT, based on the experiences of 76 emerging economies and OECD countries, comparing those which evaded it and those which stayed there since the 1950s. Based on more than 200 000 estimations using a linear discriminant analysis, we identify institutional, social and economic features that help characterise policy priorities to overcome the middle-income trap. Furthermore, using the Synthetic Control Method, we present for selected Latin American countries their main policy gaps according to their unique characteristics. Le phénomène qui fait que de nombreux pays en voie de développement peinent à trouver de nouvelles sources de croissance après avoir atteint un niveau de revenu intermédiaireest qualifié par la littérature empirique sur le développement de «piège du revenu intermédiaire» (Middle-Income Trap–MIT). Ce cas de figure constitue un défi particulièrement difficile à relever pour l'Amérique latine et les Caraïbes car seuls le Chili, Trinité-et-Tobago et l'Uruguay sont devenus des pays à haut revenu au cours des six dernières décennies, alors que plusieurs autres pays d'Amérique latine et des Caraïbes, qui présentaient des revenus intermédiaires dès 1950, sont restés dans cette fourchette de revenus. Sur la base des expériencesde 76économiesémergents et des pays OCDE, ce documentanalysede manière empirique les principaux domaines d’action qui expliquent le MIT en comparant les pays qui sont parvenus à en sortir et ceux qui s’y sont maintenus depuis les années 1950. En se basant sur plus de 200000estimations et en utilisant une analysediscriminante linéaire, nous identifions les éléments institutionnels, sociaux et économiques permettant de caractériser les politiques publiques prioritaires pour surmonter le piège du revenu intermédiaire. Par ailleurs, en utilisant la Méthode Témoin Synthétique, nous présentons, pour une sélectionde pays d'Amérique latine, les principales lacunes des politiques publiques de ces pays en fonction de leurs caractéristiques propres.

Suggested Citation

  • Ángel Melguizo & Sebastián Nieto-Parra & José Ramón Perea & Jaime Ariel Perez, 2017. "No sympathy for the devil! Policy priorities to overcome the middle-income trap in Latin America," OECD Development Centre Working Papers 340, OECD Publishing.
  • Handle: RePEc:oec:devaaa:340-en
    DOI: 10.1787/26b78724-en
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. -, 2019. "Perspectivas económicas de América Latina 2019: desarrollo en transición," Coediciones, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), number 44525 edited by Cepal, July.
    2. International Monetary Fund, 2019. "Panama: Selected Issues," IMF Staff Country Reports 2019/012, International Monetary Fund.
    3. Laura Heras Recuero & Roberto Pascual González, 2019. "Economic growth, institutional quality and financial development in middle-income countries," Working Papers 1937, Banco de España.
    4. Alfonso Arellano & Olga Gouveia & Sebastian Nieto-Parra & Jose Rene Orozco & Rebeca Peers, 2018. "Policy priorities to promote financial development in the context of Middle Income Trap," Working Papers 18/15, BBVA Bank, Economic Research Department.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Latin America; middle-income trap; policy; prioritisation;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E6 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook
    • O1 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development
    • O20 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Development Planning and Policy - - - General
    • O40 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - - - General

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