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Who Saw Sovereign Debt Crises Coming?

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Author Info
Sebastián Nieto Parra
Abstract

This paper studies sovereign debt crises during the period 1993-2006 through the prism of the primary sovereign bond market. Two conclusions emerge. First, investment banks price sovereign default risk well before crises occur and before investors detect default risk. Between three and one years prior to the onset of a crisis, sovereign default risk countries paid to investment banks on average 1.10 per cent of the amount issued, close to double the average paid by emerging countries overall in the same period (0.56 per cent). In contrast, the level of sovereign bond spreads prior to crises is on average only slightly higher than for emerging countries (385 vs. 319 basis points), suggesting that investment banks have an information advantage with respect to investors and are the only parties compensated for the risk of sovereign debt crises. Second, investment banks’ behaviour differs depending on the type of sovereign debt crisis. Before crises, investment banks charged on average a higher underwriting fee to countries presenting public finances difficulties than to other sovereign debt crisis countries. The robustness of these results is verified through panel data analysis. The results are puzzling in that they indicate that valuable, publicly available information is not tracked by investors to help improve allocation of their emerging market fixed income assets.
Cet article a pour objectif d’analyser les crises de dette souveraine pendant la période 1993-2006 à partir du marché primaire souverain. Deux principales conclusions ressortent de cette étude. Premièrement, les banques d’investissement évaluent les risques de défaut bien avant les crises et avant même que les investisseurs ne les anticipent. Un à trois ans avant le début de la crise, les pays qui présentent un risque de défaut souverain élevé commencent à verser, en moyenne, 1.10 pourcent des montants qu’ils émettent aux banques d’investissement, soit près du double du montant moyen que versent l’ensemble des pays émergents pendant la période de l’étude (0.56 pourcent). En revanche, ils bénéficient, avant le début des crises, des primes de risque qui ne sont que légèrement supérieures à celles du reste des pays émergents (385 contre 319 points de base). Ce résultat suggère que les banques d’investissement ont un avantage d’information par rapport aux investisseurs et qu’elles sont les seules à tirer profit du risque de crise de dette souveraine. Deuxièmement, le comportement des banques d’investissement diffère selon le type de crise. Avant les crises, elles prennent une commission de souscription plus élevée pour les pays qui présentent des difficultés en matière de finances publiques que pour le reste des pays qui ont connu une crise de dette souveraine. La robustesse de ces résultats est vérifiée à partir d’une analyse de données de panel. Ces résultats sont étonnants en ce qu’ils indiquent que les investisseurs n’utilisent pas l’information utile et publique à leur disposition pour améliorer l’allocation de leurs actifs en titres émis par les pays émergents. Mots clés: Information,

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Paper provided by OECD, Development Centre in its series OECD Development Centre Working Papers with number 274.

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Date of creation: Nov 2008
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Handle: RePEc:oec:devaaa:274-en

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Keywords: information; primary bond market; sovereign debt crises; underwriter spread; commission de souscription; crises de dette souveraine; information; marché primaire souverain;

Find related papers by JEL classification:
F34 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - International Lending and Debt Problems
G11 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Portfolio Choice; Investment Decisions
G14 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Information and Market Efficiency; Event Studies
G15 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - International Financial Markets
G24 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Investment Banking; Venture Capital; Brokerage

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